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51.
The theory of constraints (TOC) proposes that, when production is bounded by a single bottleneck, the best product mix heuristic is to select products based on their ratio of throughput per constraint use. This, however, is not true for cases when production is limited to integer quantities of final products. Four facts that go against current thought in the TOC literature are demonstrated in this paper. For example, there are cases in which the optimum product mix includes products with the lowest product margin and the lowest ratio of throughput per constraint time, simultaneously violating the margin heuristic and the TOC-derived heuristic. Such failures are due to the non-polynomial completeness (NP-completeness) of the product-mix decision problem, also demonstrated here. 相似文献
52.
In this paper, we study the effect of labour market rigidity on the impact of exchange rate shocks on employment. We use a panel dataset comprising 22 manufacturing sectors across 23 OECD countries. In our econometric model, the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on sectoral employment is mediated by the degree of openness and by a measure of labour market rigidity: the OECD's employment protection legislation (EPL) index. Our results suggest that greater labour market rigidity reduces the impact of exchange rate shocks on employment. This effect is statistically significant for low‐technology sectors. 相似文献
53.
Masanobu Taniguchi Alexandre Petkovic Takehiro Kase Thomas DiCiccio Anna Clara Monti 《European Journal of Finance》2015,21(13-14):1091-1112
In this paper, we study issues related to the optimal portfolio estimators and the local asymptotic normality (LAN) of the return process under the assumption that the return process has an infinite moving average (MA) (∞) representation with skew-normal innovations. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the influence of the skewness parameter δ of the skew-normal distribution on the optimal portfolio estimators. Based on the asymptotic distribution of the portfolio estimator ? for a non-Gaussian dependent return process, we evaluate the influence of δ on the asymptotic variance V(δ) of ?. We also investigate the robustness of the estimators of a standard optimal portfolio via numerical computations. In the second part of the paper, we assume that the MA coefficients and the mean vector of the return process depend on a lower-dimensional set of parameters. Based on this assumption, we discuss the LAN property of the return's distribution when the innovations follow a skew-normal law. The influence of δ on the central sequence of LAN is evaluated both theoretically and numerically. 相似文献
54.
Mohamed-Aly Ould-Louly Alexandre Dolgui 《International Journal of Production Economics》2004,90(3):76
The supply planning of assembly systems under lead times uncertainty is studied. The used criteria is the sum of the average holding cost for the components, the average backlogging cost for the finished product, and the setup cost. The decision variables are the planned lead times of components and the periodic ordering quantity. A new generalized Newsboy model gives the optimal solution under the assumption that the lead times of the different types of components follow the same distribution probability, and that the holding costs per period of the ordered quantities are the same. 相似文献
55.
Maria Teresa Medeiros Garcia Daniel Alexandre Bourdain dos Santos Borrego 《International Advances in Economic Research》2018,24(4):339-349
The paper investigates the efficient frontier and capital market line for the Portuguese stock market before and after the Global Financial Crisis. The efficient frontier and capital market line shift to positions that offer investors better opportunities as we move from 2000‐2008 to 2009–2015. 相似文献
56.
Mário Alexandre Patrício Martins da Silva 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(7):652-688
The paper develops a formal model of external knowledge and identifies the role of knowledge multipliers. Social interactions and knowledge multipliers play a crucial role in determining the rate of technological change. The analytical identification of the knowledge multiplier expression constitutes a key step in the appreciation of the crucial role of knowledge interactions. First, social considerations endogenously change the knowledge production function of each firm. The knowledge multiplier is the specific mechanism by means of which external knowledge contributes to enhance the innovative capacity of each firm. The production function of knowledge shows that the larger the knowledge multiplier is the stronger are the cumulative positive effects of external knowledge on the generation of new knowledge. Second, social considerations explain the long-run dynamics of innovation. Social reinforcement and the knowledge multiplier determine the rise or fall in the rate of accumulation of technological knowledge. 相似文献
57.
Donald J. Bowersox Roger J. Calantone Alexandre M. Rodrigues 《Journal of Business Logistics》2003,24(2):21-36
Measuring the size of global logistics expenditure is a difficult task. What is an estimate of logistics expenditures for the global economy? The objective of this research is to answer this question. Using neural networks, an artificial intelligence methodology, logistics expenditures have been estimated at the country level. There are two main contributions from this research. The first is an update of previous estimates of global logistics expenditures. The second is continuous improvement of the estimation method, including information quality and availability as well as mathematical model refinement. 相似文献
58.
Alexandre M. Rodrigues Donald J. Bowersox Roger J. Calantone 《Journal of Business Logistics》2005,26(2):1-16
The objective of this research was to estimate logistic expenditure for the global economy. An Artificial Neural Network was used to generate national estimates. The estimation set constitutes 24 countries representing approximately 75% of the global Gross Domestic Product. The model utilizes variables that capture economic activity, transportation activity, income level, country size, and geographic location. This research updates previous estimates and represents continuous improvement of the estimation method, including new input variables, better information quality, mathematical model refinement, and methods of model validation. 相似文献
59.
Mário Alexandre Patrício Martins Da Silva 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(7):613-630
We develop a model of innovation and learning that incorporates explicitly the need for a firm to conduct its own research and development (R&D) in order to realize involuntary spillovers from other firms’ R&D activity and the development of absorptive capacity of research firms over time. The conclusions of the model follow directly from the functional forms that are used to describe the generation and absorption of technological knowledge. The first proposition formally characterizes the steady-state rate of growth of technology for the model. The analysis also shows how some of the key features of two distinct, pure modes of organization of the production of new knowledge, the R&D model and the new localized knowledge model, are implied by our model by simply drastically changing the relative magnitude of two exogenous parameters: the ease of learning and the pace of knowledge advance. The second proposition formally characterizes the connections implied by the model between involuntary spillovers and absorptive capacity. Analysis of the long-term interactions between involuntary spillovers of knowledge and absorptive capacity provides the essential insights into an understanding of the elements of a self-sustained process of endogenous growth. The third and last formal proposition of this paper accommodates firm-level arguments and the crucial role of a firm's absorptive capacity in taking advantage of its location in clusters, as implied by the theoretical model. 相似文献
60.
Jos Giacomo Baccarin Jonatan Alexandre de Oliveira Glucia Elisa Mardegan 《Journal of Agrarian Change》2020,20(4):598-617
From 2007 to 2017, the Agro‐Environmental Protocol of the Sugar and Energy Sector was in force, an agreement between sugarcane mill owners and the State Government of São Paulo, Brazil, proposing to eliminate sugarcane burning as a method to facilitate the harvest. Simultaneously, the sugarcane harvest was becoming widely mechanized while, under the interests of capital accumulation, the mills were entering the information and communication technology era and providing the agricultural processes with more precise and immediate management and technological controls, similar to those implemented in the mills' administrative and industrial operations in the 1990s. Short‐term factors, including environmental factors, favoured sugarcane technological changes. As a result, there was a mass layoff of rural workers and an increasing number of people/workers in agricultural mechanization, transportation and maintenance of machinery and administrative as well. The whole process highlighted the differences between mills, resulting in small and medium sugarcane farmers and mills to become the most impacted, in operational and financial terms, by the accelerating mechanization of the sugarcane industry as a whole. 相似文献