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排序方式: 共有136条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Maria T. Allison 《Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal》2013,35(4):247-259
Abstract The level and degree of understanding of the nature and meaning of leisure in the lives of blacks, native‐Americans, Hispanics, and other ethnic minority populations within the United States is lacking. Most research to date has utilized a social aggregate approach to the study of ethnic/racial differentiation; such research overlooks the dynamics and complexity of ethnicity within poly‐ethnic, pluralistic societies. The objectives of this article are: 1) to present an overview of the types of research which have been conducted among ethnic/racial populations within the U.S., 2) to discuss several ideological and theoretical assumptions which underlie such approaches, and 3) to present several alternative theoretical and methodological approaches which might prove more meaningful in attempts to understand the dynamics of cultural diversity. 相似文献
42.
Jay F. Nunamaker Jr. Nicholas C. Romano Jr. Robert Owen Briggs 《Group Decision and Negotiation》2002,11(2):69-86
An organization's Intellectual Bandwidth (IB) is its capacity to transform External Domain Knowledge (EDK) into Intellectual Capital (IC), and to convert IC into Applied Knowledge (AK), from which a task team can create value. An organization's IB is an upper boundary on its ability to solve complex problems. To create value, members of an organization must search for knowledge, share it, and, bring it to bear on the issue at hand. The Intellectual Bandwidth of an organization must therefore be, to a certain extent, a function of the ability of its members to access data, information, and knowledge that is relevant in the context of the task at hand in order to understand the causes and consequences of their problem. They must reason about possible solutions and their potential consequences. Throughout the task they must communicate with other stakeholders and subject matter experts as they make a joint effort toward their goal. This paper develops a model of IB based on these and other concepts. It posits that IB is the product of a Hierarchy of Understanding and a Hierarchy of Collaboration. The paper suggests that the model may be useful for analyzing and deploying IT in ways that reduce the cognitive load of bringing EDK and IC to bear on the task at hand. Future research must focus on refining and validating constructs and developing measures of IB, and using those measures to find ways to increase the value derived from EDK and IC. 相似文献
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Routine vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV), the main cause of cervical cancer, is recommended for 11-12 year old girls, yet vaccine uptake is low. This study evaluates a social marketing campaign initiated by 13 North Carolina counties to raise awareness among parents and reduce barriers to accessing the vaccine in a primarily rural area. The 3-month campaign targeted mothers of girls ages 11-12 and healthcare practices serving pre-teen girls in four counties. Principles of social marketing were: product (recommended vaccine against HPV), price (cost, perception of safety and efficacy, and access), promotion (posters, brochures, website, news releases, doctor's recommendation), and place (doctors' offices, retail outlets). We analyzed (1) website traffic, hotline calls, and media placement; (2) cross-sectional surveys of mothers and providers; and (3) HPV immunization rates in intervention versus non-intervention counties. Of respondent mothers (n=225), 82% heard or saw campaign messages or materials. Of respondent providers (n=35), 94% used campaign brochures regularly or occasionally in conversations with parents. HPV vaccination rates within six months of campaign launch were 2% higher for 9-13 year old girls in two of the four intervention counties compared to 96 non-intervention counties. This evaluation supports campaign use in other primarily rural and underserved areas. 相似文献
44.
Charles A. Francis Twyla E. Hansen Allison A. Fox Paula J. Hesje Hana E. Nelson Andrea E. Lawseth 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(1):8-24
Conversion of farmland to non-agricultural uses presents a challenge to future food production and ecosystem services in US and Canada. Expansions of housing, transportation, industry, retail sales, schools and other developments are driving land out of farming. In the US there is annual conversion of 500,000 ha away from food and fibre production systems. Coupled with 1% annual population increase, this will reduce today's 0.6 ha per person to 0.3 ha by 2050. Canada has more land and smaller population, but farmland losses are occurring in fertile areas near coasts and in level valleys where highest quality land is located. Current rates of increase in agricultural productivity will not compensate for this land loss. Compared to US, there are more specific tools and legislation at the provincial level in Canada that provide opportunities for controlling sprawl. Important in both countries is general lack of awareness and concern about loss of productive farmland, a situation that could be improved through education. Stimulating collective understanding of this growing problem and providing viable solutions could provide the basis for national policy strategies to promote and assure sustainable food systems for the future and enhance the capacity to maintain vital ecosystem services. 相似文献
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Allison R. Johnson Valerie S. Folkes 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2007,35(3):317-328
This research shows that the perceived difficulty of manufacturing a product influences consumers’ perceptions of the firm’s
other products. In three experiments (with 152 participants in Study 1, 86 in Study 2, and 91 in Study 3), participants received
information about the quality of a firm’s product and then inferred the quality of another product from the firm. When participants
believed that the initial product was relatively more difficult to manufacture than the second product, they inferred that
the second product would be high in quality. However, when participants believed that the initial product was relatively easy
to manufacture, they inferred that the second product would be low in quality. These effects occurred when perceived difficulty
of manufacture was manipulated (Study 2) and occurred regardless of whether both products had dissimilar product benefits
(Study 1) or whether brand names were present (Study 3).
Allison R. Johnson and Valerie S. Folkes contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
48.
Ronald N. Kostoff Author Vitae Michael B. Briggs Author Vitae Author Vitae Robert L. Rushenberg Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2008,75(2):186-202
Literature-related discovery (LRD) is linking two or more literature concepts that have heretofore not been linked (i.e., disjoint), in order to produce novel, interesting, plausible, and intelligible knowledge. LRD has two components: Literature-based discovery (LBD) generates potential discovery through literature analysis alone, whereas literature-assisted discovery (LAD) generates potential discovery through a combination of literature analysis and interactions among selected literature authors. In turn, there are two types of LBD and LAD: open discovery systems (ODS), where one starts with a problem and arrives at a solution, and closed discovery systems (CDS), where one starts with a problem and a solution, then determines the mechanism(s) that links them.The generic methodology for identifying potential discovery candidates through ODS LRD, focusing mainly on its ODS LBD component, is described in this paper. A comprehensive flow chart showing the details of our systematic potential discovery generation process, including the evolution of the flow chart steps through each of the studies performed, is presented. Also shown is a vetting procedure that insures potential discoveries claimed are potential discoveries realized. The semantic filters that replace the numerical filters of other ODS LBD approaches are overviewed. The rationale for addressing the five topics studied (Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP), Cataracts, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Water Purification (WP)) is summarized. 相似文献
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