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71.
Priorities for prevention activities and planning for services depend on comprehensive knowledge of the distribution of the injury-related burden in the community. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the effect of being injured, compared with not being injured, on long-term mortality in working age adults. Cohort studies were selected that were population-based, measured mortality post-discharge from inpatient treatment, included a non-injured comparison group and related to working-age adults. Data synthesis was in tabular and text form with a meta-analysis not being possible because of the heterogeneity between studies. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies found an overall positive association between injury and increased mortality. While the greatest excess mortality was evident during the initial period post-injury, increased mortality was shown in some studies to persist for up to 40 years after injury. Due to the limited number of injury types studied and heterogeneity between studies, there is insufficient published evidence on which to calculate population estimates of long-term mortality, where injury is a component cause. The review does suggest there is considerable excess mortality following injury that is not accounted for in current methods of quantifying injury burden, and is not used to assess quality and effectiveness of trauma care.  相似文献   
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We assessed the consumer welfare effects of two generic food miles labels: “carbon dioxide (CO2) emission” label and “time and number of kilometers” label. Using data from a choice experiment, our results generally suggest that a mandatory labeling policy for either type of label would have a positive welfare effect. However, a label informing consumers about the time and number of kilometers the food product has traveled provides greater positive welfare effects than a label informing consumers about the amount of CO2 emission .  相似文献   
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The purpose of this article is to identify the extent of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) worldwide. A large number of countries were aggregated on a regional basis to examine their inward and outward stocks as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation for the period 1980–2006. Among the findings was that the annual increase for both inward and outward FDI was less than 1%. Also, countries grouped by the aggregates developed, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, Asia and Oceania, and developing were found to differ significantly in their means.  相似文献   
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This article expresses the concern that major agricultural data series fail to reflect well changes in efficiency or incomes of those engaged in the industry. Current farm income data focus on income from farm sources, and a shift in emphasis is suggested to value-added by farming and nonfarm agriculture businesses, to total incomes rather than farm incomes of those engaged in farming, and to asset accounts for those producing farm products. The result would be better understanding of the contribution of agriculture to the economy, and better understanding of the well-being of farm people. This may also be an appropriate time to question the value of the farm as a unit for collecting or for publishing agricultural data, as well as a time to seriously rethink the data implications of long-run resource issues in agriculture. ?auteur s'inquiète de ce que les principales séries de données agricoles ne reflètent pas adéquatement les changements survenus au chapitre de ?efficacité ni au chapitre des revenus chez les personnes engagées dans ce secteur. Les données actuelles sur les revenus de ?exploitation agricole mettent ?accent sur les sources de revenu propres a ?agriculture et ?auteur soutient que Ton devrait s'intéresser davantage à la valeur ajoutée par ?agriculture et par les activités agricoles extérieures à ?exploitation agricole, insister sur les revenus totaux plutôt que sur les revenus agricoles des personnes engagées dans le secteur et mettre ?accent sur les comptes de valeurs des producteurs agricoles. On parviendrait ainsi à mieux comprendre la contribution de ?agriculture à ?économic et le problème du bien-être des agriculteurs. Le temps est peut-être également venu de remettre en question la valeur de ?exploitation agricole comme unité de collecte ou de publication de données agricoles ainsi que de repenser sérieusement les incidences que pourront avoir sur les données les questions relatives aux ressources à long terme en agriculture.  相似文献   
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Empirical research on international entrepreneurship is growing, but results on the role of family ownership in this phenomenon are inconsistent. We believe these inconsistencies owe to prior researchers having not yet investigated nonlinear relationships. Drawing on opposing perspectives of stewardship and stagnation, we explore potential benefits and drawbacks of family ownership for international entrepreneurship and explore nonlinear relationships among these two variables. Using a sample of 1,035 US family businesses and applying ordinal regression analysis, we find an inverted U-shaped relationship between family ownership and international entrepreneurship: International entrepreneurship is maximized when family ownership stands at moderate levels. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and practice and indicate avenues for future research.  相似文献   
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This article considers the major emphasis currently being placed by the retail banks on the distribution element of the marketing mix. In particular, it demonstrates that the retail banks within the UK have recognised the importance of the branch network in achieving a competitive advantage and are currently active to a greater or lesser degree in adopting a retail-oriented marketing mix for bank branch operations. The article goes on to argue that the mix has not yet been successfully co-ordinated as a result of the limited remit of marketing personnel within the banking sector.  相似文献   
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