The economics of defence industry mergers and J c divestitures

High profile mergers in the 1990s have reduced major defence competitors to three in the USA and may evoke corresponding European consolidation and international mergers. The mergers may reduce capacity and help achieve economies of scale, but pose cost, quality and innovation concerns and have undermined diversification, conversion and civil/military integration. Expectations of enhanced political influence and short-term financial returns as well as new, perverse government incentives help to explain why the mergers have occurred. Greater international cooperation, specialisation and trade and better analysis of the defence industrial base are recommended as antidotes for the negative impacts of the mergers.     

Perspectives on Australian Retirement Incomes

With important developments over the past two decades in Australian retirement income policy, projected future outcomes—for the public purse, for the national economy and for the future retired—have received considerable attention. This focus on the future should not, however, cause us to lose sight of the present. While the major changes in retirement income policy outcomes will not occur for some decades, the picture for current and recent cohorts of retired people is not static. This article begins with an account of the important policy developments since the 1980s in the Australian retirement income arena—the Australian retirement income system still differs radically from that in most other countries, in relying heavily on a means‐tested income maintenance system, rather than on social insurance. The outcomes for current and recent cohorts of retired people are then examined from two perspectives. The first perspective is an examination of the incomes of the aged in the mid 1990s and of trends over the 1980s and 1990s—including consideration of changes in the level, composition and distribution of aged incomes. The second perspective is an international comparison of the incomes of the aged.     

Capital taxation in a dynamic general equilibrium setting

The familiar two-factor, two-commodity incidence model is extended to a dynamic setting in which the supply of capital is variable and the government can use money or bonds to balance its budget in addition to neutral lump sum taxation. The dynamic incidence effects of a sectoral tax on capital are qualitatively similar to the static incidence effects when the government balances its budget with neutral taxes, but are qualitatively different when the government uses money or bonds. In this case, while capital bears the burden of the tax in the short run, it is able to shift it in the long run.     

Exploring the psychological foundations of ethical positions in marketing

While demographic variables may ease the exploration of marketing ethics, psychological variables may provide more insight into individual differences in making ethical judgments. This article uses path analysis to explore relationships among cognitive style as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Forsyth's ethical ideologies, and perceptions of moral judgments about ethical behaviors in marketing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The Role and Current Status of IFRS in the Completion of National Accounting Rules – Evidence from Belgium

Abstract

We study the incorporation of EU Directive 2013/34/EU on financial reporting into Belgian legislation. By analyzing the forces that shape the transposition of this Directive, we examine opportunities and obstacles in the Belgian institutional environment that hinder or stimulate the possibilities for the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to influence financial reporting by private firms in Belgium. As a result of several national forces, the Belgian legislature did not use all opportunities available to modernize financial reporting for private entities when transposing this Directive. We further discuss existing differences between Belgian National Accounting Rules for private enterprises and the IFRS and observe that the influence of the latter on financial reporting regulation for private enterprises in Belgium remains rather limited.     

中国制造业贸易隐含碳与低碳贸易竞争力分析

采用增加值核算法测算中国整体制造业及高碳制造业出口隐含碳生产率,分析其低碳贸易竞争力;基于STIRPAT模型从技术和结构两方面研判低碳贸易竞争力的影响因素,预测基准、低碳技术、出口结构优化、能源结构绿色、低碳综合等5种情景下2021—2030年的低碳贸易竞争力。结果表明:中国出口增加将加剧国内减排压力,出口中90%以上的隐含碳都留在国内;能源利用效率是整体制造业低碳贸易竞争力的首要影响因素,能源消费结构对高碳行业影响较大;按发展趋势,2030年制整体造业出口隐含碳生产率略低于欧盟1995年的发展水平,低碳贸易竞争力较低;按“十四五”政策目标发展,2030年整体制造业隐含碳生产率将达到欧盟2003年的水平,高碳行业中的非金属制品业能超过欧盟2018年的水平。     

Toward an Understanding of Donor Loyalty: Demographics,Personality, Persuasion,and Revenue

Donor loyalty is linked to revenue generation in nonprofit organizations. This study utilized a consumer-based marketing approach to donors and their contributions via examining loyalty to nonprofit organizations. Through a detailed literature review that identified five specific hypotheses, tested using a secondary analysis of a large survey, and the design and implementation of a second (online) survey, this article empirically assesses donor loyalty and provides findings that develop the literature, support practice, and identify areas of future research. The results demonstrate the linkages between donor loyalty and revenue, and provide a deeper understanding of the relationship of demographic factors, preference for consistency, materialism, and maximization to donor loyalty. Notably, the results clearly illustrate that habitual switchers donate substantially less than loyal donors. A series of areas for future research are identified and a number of recommendations are provided to practitioners vis-à-vis understanding their donors and enhancing their revenues through donations.