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691.
Entrepreneurs, Professionals, and Growth 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We examine the implications for growth and development of the existence of two types of human capital: entrepreneurial and professional. Entrepreneurs accumulate human capital through a work-experience intensive process, whereas professionals human capital accumulation is education-intensive. Moreover, the return to entrepreneurship is uncertain. We show how skill-biased technological progress leads to changes in the composition of aggregate human capital; as technology improves, individuals devote less time to the accumulation of human capital through work experience and more to the accumulation of human capital through professional training. Thus, our model explains why entrepreneurs play a relatively more important role in intermediate-income countries and professionals are relatively more abundant in richer economies. It also shows that those countries that initially have too little of either entrepreneurial or professional human capital may end up in a development trap. 相似文献
692.
Finding ways of curbing government expenditure on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) while maintaining social equity and access to ‘essential’ medicines is at the centre of ongoing public debate. This article describes a microsimulation model of the PBS that simulates current and future use and costs of PBS medicines under existing and different PBS policy settings, and estimates the distributional effects of policy changes. The article outlines future developments that will extend the current model to include health outcomes. Adding health outcomes will enable the debate on PBS sustainability to be advanced beyond the prevailing cost‐containment mentality to consider not only the costs of pharmaceutical use but also the benefits that result from the use of these medicines. 相似文献
693.
As the largest single employee component of hospitals, nurses are critical to the functioning of the organization, and improving employee productivity continues to be a common theme in the health care literature. However, any increased productivity will be transitory if achieved at the expense of the quality of nurses' work life (QNWL), since improvement in the QNWL is prerequisite to improved productivity. The conceptual components of the concept of QNWL that differentiate QNWL from the concept job satisfaction are explored. 相似文献
694.
We develop a model in which some child labor is exploitative.Since exploited child laborers are paid less than the valueof the marginal product of labor, there is scope for policyintervention to be Pareto improving. We illustrate this by showingthat a system of inspection and fines targeted on exploitativechild labor increases the aggregate output produced by children.We also establish that such intervention secures the releaseof children from exploitative working conditions, to their benefit.The distributional implications of the intervention among employersand among children who had not been exploited depends on whethercapital is mobile internationally, and can depend on whetherthe elimination of exploitative child labor is partial or complete. 相似文献
695.
采用增加值核算法测算中国整体制造业及高碳制造业出口隐含碳生产率,分析其低碳贸易竞争力;基于STIRPAT模型从技术和结构两方面研判低碳贸易竞争力的影响因素,预测基准、低碳技术、出口结构优化、能源结构绿色、低碳综合等5种情景下2021—2030年的低碳贸易竞争力。结果表明:中国出口增加将加剧国内减排压力,出口中90%以上的隐含碳都留在国内;能源利用效率是整体制造业低碳贸易竞争力的首要影响因素,能源消费结构对高碳行业影响较大;按发展趋势,2030年制整体造业出口隐含碳生产率略低于欧盟1995年的发展水平,低碳贸易竞争力较低;按“十四五”政策目标发展,2030年整体制造业隐含碳生产率将达到欧盟2003年的水平,高碳行业中的非金属制品业能超过欧盟2018年的水平。 相似文献
696.
The study was prompted by (a) Frederick and Vogel's debate concerning future research in “business and society”, (b) such recently reported managerial excesses as golden parachutes, “greenmail”, and fraud, (c) the increasing emphasis on coursework in the area. It appears that there is a need to assess how students, our future business leaders, perceive social issues and if a “business and society” course can help them define and understand the importance of these issues. Three questions provided the focal point: (1) Which issues do students perceive as most important before and after completing the course? (2) How much importance do students place on issues? (3) Does completing a “business and society” course make a significant difference in how students perceive the importance of the issues presented? Students appeared to have already clearly defined priorities before entering the course as there was very little post-course reordering of priorities. However, they did display an increased perception of the importance of social issues. The study also indicated that a “business and society” course can contribute to an increased student awareness of the importance of social issues. Therefore, it was concluded that a “business and society” course can help students define and evaluate the importance of social issues. 相似文献
697.
Mallik Greene Tingjian Yan Eunice Chang Ann Hartry Maëlys Touya Michael S. Broder 《Journal of medical economics》2018,21(2):127-134
Aims: To examine medication adherence and discontinuation in two separate groups of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (BD), who began receiving a long-acting injectable antipsychotic (LAI) versus those who changed to a different oral antipsychotic monotherapy.Materials and methods: The Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid claims database was used to identify patients with schizophrenia; Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial and Medicaid claims databases were used to identify patients with BD. The analyses included adult patients (≥18 years) who either began receiving an LAI (no prior LAI therapy) or changed to a different oral antipsychotic (monotherapy). The first day of initiating an LAI or changing to a new oral antipsychotic was the index date. Linear and Cox regression models were conducted to estimate medication adherence (proportion of days covered [PDC]) and time to medication discontinuation (continuous medication gap ≥60 days), respectively. Models adjusted for patient demographic and clinical characteristics, baseline medication use, and baseline ED or hospitalizations.Results: Patients with schizophrenia (N?=?5638) who began receiving LAIs had better medication adherence (5% higher adjusted mean adherence) during the 1 year post-index period and were 20% less likely to discontinue their medication during the entire follow-up period than patients who changed to a different oral antipsychotic monotherapy, adjusting for differences between LAI users and oral users. Similarly, patients with BD (N?=?11,344) who began receiving LAIs also had 5% better medication adherence and were 19% less likely to discontinue their medication than those using oral antipsychotics.Limitations: Clinical differences unmeasurable in this database may have been responsible for the choice of LAI versus oral antipsychotics, and these differences may be responsible for some of the adherence advantages observed.Conclusions: This real-world study suggests that patients with schizophrenia or BD who began receiving LAIs had better medication adherence and lower discontinuation risk than those who changed to a different oral antipsychotic monotherapy. 相似文献
698.
Ann Steffora Mutschler 《电子经理世界》2006,(9):16
著名的联想集团和RCA,海尔、TTE和中芯国际现在名气还不够大,但如果这些公司找到适合他们的发展之路,他们很快就能做到这一点。上述所有企业都位于中国——这一当今全球发展最快的工业化国家,而且,他们都欲在美国市场分一杯羹。超越全球发展最快的市场这一想法听起来有些违背常理,但中国企业目前正在这么干,而且他们有很好的理由:“考虑到很多商业决策需要在美国做出,大多数意欲插足美国市场的中国公司纷纷开始建立市场部门。”中芯国际美国公司的总裁Samuel T.Wang表示。 相似文献
699.
We investigate the disclosure of non-IFRS performance measures by 400 companies from eight countries using IFRS Standards (Australia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Singapore, Sweden and the United Kingdom) in the years 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2013 (1595 company-years). The incidence of disclosure is higher in UK and France but lower in Hong Kong, Germany and Singapore. Exclusions relating to impairment, tax, and mergers and acquisitions are frequent. Firms making non-IFRS disclosures are more likely to be larger, have higher leverage, and exhibit greater volatility in their reported income. Additional tests show national reporting traditions and practices affect non-IFRS disclosures. 相似文献
700.
Chen Yu-An Medinets Ann F. Palmon Dan 《Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting》2022,58(3):1037-1062
Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - Regulators and standard setters strive to enhance the transparency of corporate disclosures. To address concerns regarding the improper use of... 相似文献