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991.
Manuel A. Gómez 《Journal of Economics》2014,111(1):29-53
This paper analyzes the optimal fiscal policy in an endogenous growth model with productive public services. Government expenditure, which may be subject to different degrees of congestion, is financed by distortionary income taxation. The standard result on the equality between the growth-maximizing, welfare-maximizing and first-best income tax rates holds if and only if production is Cobb–Douglas or there is proportional congestion. With non-proportional (or in the absence of) congestion, the first-best income tax is lower than the (second-best) welfare-maximizing income tax which, in turn, is lower than the growth-maximizing income tax if the elasticity of substitution is below unity. Under mild conditions these relations are reversed if the elasticity of substitution is above unity. Intuition on these results is also provided. 相似文献
992.
This article explores the comovement of the economic activity of several OECD countries during periods of large negative and positive growth. Extremal dependence measures are here applied to assess the degree of cross‐country tail dependence of output growth rates. Our main empirical findings are: (i) cross‐country tail dependence is much stronger during periods of large negative growth, than during the ones of large positive growth; (ii) cross‐country growth is asymptotically independent; (iii) cross‐country tail dependence is considerably stronger than the one arising from a Gaussian dependence model. In addition, our results suggest that, among the typical determinants for explaining international output growth synchronization, only economic specialization similarity seems to play a role during such extreme periods. 相似文献
993.
Global value chains (GVCs) emerged as the paradigm for the international organization of production. For most goods and services production is nowadays vertically fragmented across different countries and this reality gave rise to a significant new strand of research in international trade. This article starts by discussing the major driving forces of GVCs in recent decades. Next, it surveys the main measures of GVCs, accounting for their different scopes and required data sets. The article highlights the timing of the contributions to the literature, signalling their sequential nature and the trend toward more accurate and data‐demanding indicators. 相似文献
994.
995.
Pilar García-Gómez Hans-Martin von Gaudecker Maarten Lindeboom 《International Tax and Public Finance》2011,18(2):146-165
We examine the role of health as a determinant of labour force participation, paying particular attention to the link between
the two provided by disability insurance schemes. We first review the evidence on associations between health and labour force
participation. Enrolment in disability insurance is not determined by health alone, and we highlight the main other causes
that the literature has identified. In an application to The Netherlands, we follow the structure of the literature review
and show that the trends in health and disability insurance enrolment look rather positive. In particular, the 1990 reforms
of disability insurance might have been more effective than previously realised because part of their success was hidden by
demographic change: The large number of baby boomers kept the absolute inflow high as they aged, despite large reductions
in relative rates. 相似文献
996.
997.
Qualitative research is an open field where different researchers from several disciplines deal with social meanings and with
the issue of understanding. During the last two decades, the use of computers and software has extended to become a relevant
part of our daily landscape and also a basic device of social research, even in relation to a qualitative approach. There
are many applications of qualitative research software specially designed by a diversity of firms and institutions producing
different levels of sophisticated tools that can be used in the social research process. This paper presents a protocol for
using an Excel spreadsheet as a tool for analyzing social discourses. We will show how to work with the documents produced
in the empirical data collection and the criteria to structure the components of the application and its main representations.
Finally, we offer a methodology for developing a personalized application in order to orient social design as a powerful and
reflexive tool that contribute to a social thinking immersed in continuous improvement. 相似文献
998.
We develop a coordination game to model interactions between fundamentals and liquidity during unstable periods in financial markets. We then propose a flexible econometric framework for estimation of the model and analysis of its quantitative implications. The specific empirical application is carry trades in the yen–dollar market, including the turmoil of 1998. We find a generally very deep market, with low information disparities among agents. We observe occasional episodes of market fragility or turmoil with up by the escalator, down by the elevator patterns in prices. The key role of strategic behavior in the econometric model is also confirmed. 相似文献
999.
Antonia López‐Villavicencio José Ignacio Silva 《Scottish journal of political economy》2011,58(2):200-220
This paper studies the relationship between the wage‐productivity gap and the unemployment rate in OECD countries between 1985 and 2007. In particular, we investigate whether differences in the employment protection across countries affect the link between these two variables. We show that the elasticity of unemployment with respect to the wage‐productivity gap is non‐linear and that it switches from a positive to a negative value with stricter employment legislation. From a theoretical point of view, we argue that this result is related to a set of labor market reforms introduced in many OECD countries, which affected the relative strictness of institutions. 相似文献
1000.
Optimal collusion under cost asymmetry 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jeanine Miklós-Thal 《Economic Theory》2011,46(1):99-125
Cost asymmetry is generally thought to hinder collusion because a more efficient firm has both more to gain from deviations
and less to fear from retaliation than less efficient firms. Our paper reexamines this conventional wisdom and characterizes
optimal collusion without any prior restriction on the class of strategies. We stress that firms can credibly agree on retaliation
schemes that maximally punish even the most efficient firm. This implies that whenever collusion is sustainable under cost
symmetry, some collusion is also sustainable under cost asymmetry; efficient collusion, however, remains more difficult to
sustain when costs are asymmetric. Finally, we show that in the presence of side payments cost asymmetry facilitates collusion. 相似文献