全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1549篇 |
免费 | 54篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 181篇 |
工业经济 | 47篇 |
计划管理 | 330篇 |
经济学 | 487篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
运输经济 | 50篇 |
旅游经济 | 32篇 |
贸易经济 | 338篇 |
农业经济 | 55篇 |
经济概况 | 79篇 |
邮电经济 | 1篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 31篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 104篇 |
2017年 | 129篇 |
2016年 | 115篇 |
2015年 | 71篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 285篇 |
2012年 | 80篇 |
2011年 | 72篇 |
2010年 | 70篇 |
2009年 | 52篇 |
2008年 | 56篇 |
2007年 | 37篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 20篇 |
2003年 | 22篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1931年 | 1篇 |
1930年 | 1篇 |
1929年 | 1篇 |
1928年 | 1篇 |
1927年 | 1篇 |
1926年 | 1篇 |
1925年 | 1篇 |
1923年 | 2篇 |
1922年 | 2篇 |
1919年 | 3篇 |
1918年 | 3篇 |
1911年 | 1篇 |
1906年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1603条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
This paper examines the role of fiscal policy, trade and energy taxes on environmental quality in Europe using disaggregated data at the monitoring station level for the 12 richest European countries spanning the period from 1995 to 2008. Our estimations show that fiscal policies and energy taxes are important determinants of pollution through various mechanisms. We find that increasing the share of fiscal spending in GDP and shifting the emphasis towards spending in public goods and against non-social subsidies significantly lower the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and ozone but not nitrogen dioxide. At the same time, energy taxes reduce nitrogen dioxide concentrations but have no effect on ozone and sulfur dioxide. Finally trade openness has a direct effect on sulfur dioxide but no effect on nitrogen dioxide or ozone. Our estimates account for time-varying unobserved heterogeneity. 相似文献
62.
We provide lab data from four different games that allow us to study whether people have accurate expectations regarding monetary sanctions (punishment/reward) and nonmonetary sanctions (disapproval/approval). Although the strength of the sanction is always predicted with some error (particularly in the case of monetary sanctions), we observe that (i) most subjects anticipate correctly the sign of the average sanction, (ii) expectations covary with sanctions, (iii) the average expectation is very often not significantly different than the average actual sanction, and (iv) the errors exhibit no systematic bias, except in those situations where rewards are frequent. In this line, we find some evidence that punishment is better anticipated than rewards. 相似文献
63.
Coping with regional inequality in Sweden: structural change,migrations, and policy, 1860–2000 下载免费PDF全文
In many countries, regional income inequality has followed an inverted U‐shaped curve, growing during industrialization and market integration and declining thereafter. By contrast, Sweden's regional inequality dropped from 1860 to 1980 and did not exhibit this U‐shaped pattern. Accordingly, today's regional income inequality in Sweden is lower than in other European countries. We note that the prime mover behind the long‐run reduction in regional income differentials was structural change, whereas neoclassical and technological forces played a relatively less important role. However, this process of regional income convergence can be divided into three major periods. During the first period (1860–1940), the unrestricted action of market forces, particularly the expansion of markets and high rates of internal and international migration, led to the compression of regional income differentials. During the next period (1940–80), regional convergence was even more intense. In this period, institutional arrangements favoured the reduction of productivity differentials across industries and successive governments aided the reallocation of the workforce from declining to thriving regions and economic sectors. During the last period (1980–2000), when regional incomes diverged, internal migration and structural change slowed. Furthermore, the development of knowledge‐intensive service industries favoured economic growth in the main metropolitan areas. 相似文献
64.
Mining cycles have had an enormous impact in the evolution of the localisation of economic activity, in particular of industry, in Chile. The nitrate cycle was characterised by a labour‐intensive extraction process and activity which was geographically very concentrated. The copper cycle was geographically more dispersed and its activity more capital‐intensive. We stress the role played by the State in the latter de‐concentration due to the impact of regional development policies and assess the importance of factor endowments and agglomeration economies, in the localisation of the manufacture. 相似文献
65.
Sara Fernández-López Luis Otero-González Pablo Durán-Santomil 《Feminist Economics》2015,21(4):118-150
This paper investigates whether European women have the same probability of saving for retirement as European men and if driving factors for this saving behavior differ by gender. The evidence is based on a sample of 6,036 individuals from eight European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom). The results show that European women are less likely to save for retirement than men, although the determinants of this decision are similar for both genders. Moreover, the results suggest that country-level institutional factors play a more important role on the individual's retirement attitudes than gender differences. 相似文献
66.
The appropriation of water for economic activities is limited by regional surface and underground endowments, and symptoms of environmentally unsustainable withdrawals are already visible in many regions of the world. In this paper we investigate the economic implications of water policy imposing source- and region-specific restrictions on water withdrawals taking the Mexican economy as a case study. We use an inter-regional input–output model of Mexico's hydro-economic regions to allocate production subject to the availability of water and other factors of production. Water sustainability requires a reduction of 7.5?km3/yr of groundwater withdrawals, which is compensated by an increase of 3.4?km3/yr of surface water, an expansion onto an additional 1.4 million hectares of rainfed land, and modifications in subnational patterns of food trade. This framework for evaluating scenarios describing sustainability-oriented water policies is readily applicable to other regions. 相似文献
67.
Quan Dong Juan Carlos Bárcena‐Ruiz María Begoña Garzón 《Australian economic papers》2015,54(4):250-265
We analyse why the Chinese government sets restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI). We focus our analysis on the percentage of shares in relocated firms that the government allows to be foreign‐owned. The government's decision on this percentage depends on the entry cost, the number of firms that relocate and the weight of the consumer surplus in the objective function of the government. We show that by its choice of this percentage, the Chinese government may restrict or encourage FDI to its country. We also find that if the government may subsidise the fixed entry cost, it provides a subsidy only when the producer surplus has a greater weight than the consumer surplus in weighted welfare. In that case, the subsidy encourages relocation by both firms and permits the government to allow a lower percentage of shares to be foreign‐owned in relocated firms. 相似文献
68.
论用文化增加旅游商品的附加值 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
旅游的本质属性是文化属性。文化是旅游消费和旅游经营追求的核心因素。文章以上述观点为基础,探讨了旅游商品开发设计中文化因素的作用,提出文化可以创造旅游商品,文化可以增加旅游商品的附加值。 相似文献
69.
Testing trade-off and pecking order theories financing SMEs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper explores two of the most important theories behind financial policy in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs),
namely, the pecking order and the trade-off theories. Panel data methodology is used to test empirical hypotheses on a sample
of 3,569 Spanish SMEs over a 10-year period dating from 1995 to 2004. Results suggest that both theoretical models help to
explain SME capital structure. However, despite finding clear evidence that SMEs follow a funding source hierarchy (pecking
order model), our results reveal that greater trust is placed in SMEs that aim to reach target or optimum leverage (trade-off
model). This remains true even when SMEs take a long time to reach this level, due to the high transaction costs they have
to face. Non-debt tax shields (NDTS), growth opportunities and internal resources all seem to play an important role in determining
SME capital structure. Both size and age are also found to be significant factors. Moreover, the empirical evidence obtained
confirms that SMEs clearly behave differently to large firms where financing is concerned.
相似文献
Francisco Sogorb-Mira (Corresponding author)Email: |
70.
Carlos Ricardo De Abreu Dos Reis Miguel Ángel Sastre Castillo Salvador Roig Dobón 《Service Business》2007,1(4):257-274
This study has carried out a review of the literature appearing on diversity in the last 50 years. Research findings from
this period reveal it is impossible to assume there is a pure and simple relationship between diversity and performance without
considering a series of variables that affect this relationship. In this study, emphasis has been placed on the analysis of
results arrived at through empirical investigation on the relation between the most studied dimensions of diversity and performance.
The results presented are part of a more extensive research. 相似文献