Is “getting started” an effective way for people to overcome the depletion effect?

Whereas most research on depletion focuses on its effect on the overall performance of a subsequent task requiring self‐control, we examine the effect of depletion on self‐control after performance has begun. Across different manipulations of depletion and using different measures of self‐control (e.g., overriding an automatic behavioural tendency, enduring on a physically demanding task, and making healthy consumption choices), the results of three studies show that when self‐control has been initiated, the effect of depletion has little influence on subsequent behaviour also requiring self‐control: in other words, “getting started” on a self‐control task attenuates the depletion effect. The results also show that the way in which self‐control starts—that is, whether people choose to regulate, or whether this choice is forced—appears irrelevant. This research clarifies an effective way to facilitate self‐control after depletion, while providing a better understanding of the process underlying depletion. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Wage Inflation‐Unemployment Curve at the Macroeconomic Level

Based on the reduced form New Keynesian Wage Phillips Curve, we estimate wage rigidity and indexation at the aggregate level in several advanced countries for the 1985–2014 period. We document that the wage setting process is heterogenous among our sample of countries: nominal wage rigidities are more important in the United States, while wage indexation is dominant in European Countries. We also present evidence that indexation to past inflation has decrease as inflation stabilizes at lower levels. In addition, our results suggest that wage rigidity is not linked to the institutional environment at the macroeconomic level. Finally, we show that there is significant time variation in the estimated coefficients on the implied equation that is usually not taken into account in the theoretical literature.     

Beyond the grumpy rich man and the happy peasant: mixed methods and the impact of food security on subjective dimensions of wellbeing in India

This paper responds to the recent advocacy of subjective wellbeing in policy evaluation with an investigation of food security in rural Chhattisgarh, India, in 2010–2013. Conceptually, it suggests the need to move beyond a primary focus on happiness to consider a broader-based investigation into people’s subjective perceptions. In particular, it introduces a multi-domain model with some affinities to the capability approach, which asks what people think and feel themselves able to be and do. Methodologically, it suggests that the primary reliance on quantitative measures should be complemented by more qualitative approaches to give a more rounded appreciation of how people view their lives. Three approaches are presented: qualitative analysis of interview text; statistical analysis comparing a single measure of happiness with a broader, domain-based approach; and mixed qualitative and quantitative data generated from an individual case.     

Do standard scales work in older samples?

In a study of 185 adults ranging in age from 21 to 80 years, it was found that the older subjects' (ages 50 and above) responses on Zaichkowsky's ten-item, bipolar adjective, semantic differential, Personal Involvement Inventory were less internally consistent than the younger participants' responses. In addition to lower reliability, the older adults were more likely to omit multiple items in the scale. This was not the case for Likert-style items included in the study. Similar findings have been reported in a small number of other studies using other semantic differential scales. The semantic differential scaling technique needs a thorough examination for its generalizability to older populations.Leisa Reinecke Flynn is assistant Professor of Marketing at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida. She wishes to thank Drs. Ronald E. Goldsmith and Charles Hofacker for their helpful insights.     

EU After COVID-19: An Opportunity for Policy Coordination

Intereconomics - Despite all the difficulties inherent to our political organisation, the European Union has taken a bold step by doubling the EU budget for the next six years with the NGEU fund.     

Types and influential factors of consumers' non‐purchasing ecological behaviors

This article presents an examination of non‐purchasing ecological behaviors and their influential factors. The results indicate that consumers who engage in recycling, pro‐environmental post‐purchasing behavior and pro‐environmental activities are highly educated people. Among them, those who are mostly involved in recycling and the non‐energetic, rather traditional, activities are mostly influenced by their positive attitudes towards recycling, as well as by their social responsibility. Those who adopt more energetic, more active, behaviors are mostly influenced by their beliefs that they hold power over politicians and politics. It was also found that those who are engaged in one type of non‐purchasing pro‐environmental behavior are more likely to engage in another type as well. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Audit quality and the going-concern decision-making process: Spanish evidence

In this study, we attempt empirically to investigate the relationship between audit quality and the probability that a financially distressed company would receive a going-concern opinion. Auditor decision-making in the presence of going-concern uncertainties may be characterized as a two-stage process. The first stage is the identification of a potential going-concern problem and the second stage is to determine whether the particular company should receive a qualified going-concern opinion. A sample of 1,199 non-financial Spanish company-years has been obtained from the database issued by the Stock Exchange National Commission for the fiscal years ending between December 1991 and December 2000. The results indicate that audit quality (measured by the auditor's level of independence and knowledge) affects the probability that a financially distressed company would receive a going-concern opinion. This probability is influenced not only by the auditor's ability to detect financial uncertainties, but also by the auditor's decision-making as to what type of opinion should be finally issued.     

Marketingeffizienz

Ohne Zusammenfassung Sven Reinecke Prof. Dr. Sven Reinecke, Dozent für Betriebswirtschaftslehre an der Universit?t St. Gallen (HSG) und Leiter des Kompetenzzentrums „Marketing Performance Management“ am dortigen Institut für Marketing und Handel. Mitherausgeber der Marketing Review St. Gallen.