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961.
Recent explanations of aggregate stock market fluctuations suggest that countercyclical stock market volatility is consistent with rational asset evaluations. In this paper, I develop a framework to study the causes of countercyclical stock market volatility. I find that countercyclical risk premia do not imply countercyclical return volatility. Instead, countercyclical stock volatility occurs if risk premia increase more in bad times than they decrease in good times, thereby inducing price–dividend ratios to fluctuate more in bad times than in good. The business cycle asymmetry in the investors’ attitude toward discounting future cash flows plays a novel and critical role in many rational explanations of asset price fluctuations. 相似文献
962.
Antonio Ibarra Alfaraz Santiago Leguey Galán Ana Isabel Cid Cid Ana Belén Rabadán Gómez 《International Advances in Economic Research》2006,12(4):523-529
Correct estimation of the Outstanding Claims Reserve, an item that includes Incurred But Not Reported Claims (IBNR) as well as Incurred But Not Enough Reserved Claims (IBNER), is one of the most important issues currently facing actuarial science, due to its effect on the technical and financial stability of insurance companies. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the reserve in a decision-making environment, so that estimates can be made according to accurately defined and previously established rational criteria. Specifically, the estimating process enables a company’s particular situation to be taken into account, by incorporating its approach to the consequences arising from estimation errors into the model. The proposed calculation method gives rise to optimum link ratio estimators that can also be interpreted from a Bayesian perspective, with the advantages associated to such methodology. 相似文献
963.
Antonio Fazio 《Open Economies Review》1998,9(1):701-708
This paper outlines the main features of the present international monetary system and the challenges that policy makers face. 相似文献
964.
Antonio E. Noriega Daniel Ventosa‐Santaulria 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2007,69(3):439-444
This paper analyses the asymptotic and finite‐sample implications of different types of non‐stationary behaviour among the dependent and explanatory variables in a linear spurious regression model. We study cases when the non‐stationarity in the dependent and explanatory variables is deterministic as well as stochastic. In particular, we derive the order in probability of the t‐statistic in a spurious regression equation under a variety of empirically relevant data generation processes, and show that the spurious regression phenomenon is present in all cases when both dependent and explanatory variables behave in a non‐stationary way. Simulation experiments confirm our asymptotic results. 相似文献
965.
Recent corporate debt offerings have included a covenant specifying a pre-determined payment to debtholders when the debt is downgraded. We examine the incentive for equityholders to increase firm risk (and the associated costs) when debt includes a “rating trigger.” Equityholders of firms with a low-risk profile and operating flexibility choose debt with a trigger, while equityholders of firms with a high-risk profile and less flexibility choose regular debt. A trigger that requires an equity infusion better mitigates conflicts between equityholders and debtholders than a trigger paid by liquidating assets. A trigger that increases the coupon rate is not optimal. 相似文献
966.
Antonio Alvarez Christine Amsler Luis Orea Peter Schmidt 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2006,25(3):201-212
Let u ≥ 0 be technical inefficiency, let z be a set of variables that affect u, and let δ be the parameters of this relationship.
The model satisfies the scaling property if u(z, δ) can be written as a scaling function h(z, δ) times a random variable u* that does not depend on z. This property
implies that changes in z affect the scale but not the shape of u(z,δ). This paper reviews the existing literature and identifies
models that do and do not have the scaling property. It also discusses practical advantages of the scaling property. The paper
shows how to test the hypothesis of scaling, and other interesting hypotheses, in the context of the model of Wang, Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2002. Finally, two empirical examples are given. 相似文献
967.
968.
A Theory of Dividends Based on Tax Clienteles 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
This paper explains why some firms prefer to pay dividends rather than repurchase shares. When institutional investors are relatively less taxed than individual investors, dividends induce "ownership clientele" effects. Firms paying dividends attract relatively more institutions, which have a relative advantage in detecting high firm quality and in ensuring firms are well managed. The theory is consistent with some documented regularities, specifically both the presence and stickiness of dividends, and offers novel empirical implications, e.g., a prediction that it is the tax difference between institutions and retail investors that determines dividend payments, not the absolute tax payments. 相似文献
969.
In this paper we find strong new evidence in favour of the long-run purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis in the bilateral real exchange rates between the Japanese yen and the currencies of the most important southeast Asian economies only when the presence of several possible structural breaks of the series is taken into account. Such evidence for PPP is weaker for these southeast Asian exchange rates with the US dollar, the German mark and the Australian dollar. 相似文献
970.
The Effects of Moratoria on Residential Development: Evidence from a Matching Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonio Bento Charles Towe Jacqueline Geoghegan 《American journal of agricultural economics》2007,89(5):1211-1218