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271.
Summary. This note explores the consequences of a player's freedom of choice over his degree of commitment for the bargaining outcome. In particular, we modify the nonstationary structure of Fershtman and Seidmann (1993)'s bargaining by allowing one player to possess imperfect commitments where the degree of commitment is chosen prior to the negotiation stage. We show that a player optimally chooses an intermediate degree of irrevocability provided the costs of increasing the degree of commitment are small enough. In this case, not only an immediate agreement is reached but also the commitment is effective.Received: 18 July 2002, Revised: 20 March 2003, JEL Classification Numbers:
C78.Part of this work was written while I was visiting the IAE-CSIC and the University of Essex, whose hospitalities are gratefully acknowledged. This paper has benefited from comments of seminar participants at the University of Essex, 56th European Econometric Society Meeting, 16th Annual Congress of the European Economic Association in Lausanne and the XXVI Symposium of Economic Analysis in Barcelona. I thank Vicent Calabuig and Gonzalo Olcina for very helpful comments. I am especially indebted t o Clara Ponsatí and an anonymous referee for some very detailed comments which lead to substantial improvement of the paper. I also gratefully acknowledge the financial support from Generalitat Valenciana under a postdoctoral grant. 相似文献
272.
Antonio Cutanda Tarín 《Spanish Economic Review》2003,5(1):63-84
Abstract. This work analyses the relevance of borrowing constraints on the intertemporal behaviour of Spanish non-durable consumption.
We estimate Euler equations with cohort data extracted from the “Encuesta Continua de Presupuestos Familiares” (ECPF) for
the period 1985–1993. The results are robust to the use of different estimators to eliminate fixed individual effects, to
different specifications of the model, to the effect of uncertainty and to the presence of habits in consumption. Our results
allow us to conclude that non-durable consumption of a considerable fraction of the Spanish population is affected by borrowing
constraints. At the same time, and in accordance with similar results for other countries, we confirm that borrowing constraints
are especially important for the young.
The author acknowledges the grant received from the Conselleria de Cultura, Educación y Ciencia de la Generalitat Valènciana,
as part of its grant's programme for stays in foreign universities and the financial support by DGICYT grants SEC99-0820 and
SEC 2002-00667. The author also acknowledges the hospitality of the Department of Economics at University College London (UCL)
and of the Departamento de Análisis Económico de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. This work has been presented
in the XXV Simposio de Análisis Económico, held in Bellaterra (Spain) in December 2000. Finally, the author acknowledges comments
by J. E. Boscá and two anonymous referees that have contributed to improving the final version of the paper. 相似文献
273.
María Cruz Sánchez-Gómez Ana Iglesias-Rodríguez Antonio Víctor Martín-García 《Quality and Quantity》2018,52(6):2515-2533
The objective of this work is to evaluate the strategy of triangulation in the validation of information by integrating quantitative/qualitative information based on the use of different statistics software packages In our case, we opted to begin with a quantitative strategy and use IBM SPSS AMOS Statistics; we then replicated the study with a qualitative strategy using NVIVO. To this end, we used as an example case a study conducted on a sample of 445 university teaching personnel regarding intentions to use the blended learning teaching model in their usual teaching practice. We did so to analyse the extent to which it is possible to explain the process of adopting this educational method as well as its use and its dissemination in higher-education contexts, taking as a theoretical reference the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the Theory of Diffusion of Innovation, proposed by E. Rogers. The analyses carried out verified the convergence or overlap of the results obtained after the application of different methods of data collection (a questionnaire and interviews) for the same study object. The results confirm the benefit of using data-processing software as a resource to facilitate multimethod strategies in educational research owing to its strengthening of results and the examination of the level of convergence or divergences within them. 相似文献
274.
Inaccuracy and information measures based on the cumulative residual entropy are useful in various fields, and are attracting increasing attention in Probability Theory and Statistics. In this paper, we introduce and study an inaccuracy measure concerning the relevation transform of two nonnegative continuous random variables. We investigate various distributional properties and characterization results that are based on the mean residual lifetime and involve the generalized Pareto distribution. A connection with the proportional hazards model is also provided. We obtain comparison results involving the proposed inaccuracy measure and some existing inaccuracy measures. Some illustrative examples are finally given. 相似文献
275.
Ecological Fallacy and Covariates: New Insights based on Multilevel Modelling of Individual Data
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Michela Gnaldi Venera Tomaselli Antonio Forcina 《Revue internationale de statistique》2018,86(1):119-135
The paper provides a new and more explicit formulation of the assumptions needed by the ordinary ecological regression to provide unbiased estimates and clarifies why violations of these assumptions will affect any method of ecological inference. Empirical evidence is obtained by showing that estimates provided by three main ecological inference methods are heavily biased when compared with multilevel logistic regression applied to a unique set of individual data on voting behaviour. The main findings of our paper have two important implications that can be extended to all situations where the assumptions needed to apply ecological inference are violated in the data: (i) only ecological inference methods that allow one to model the effect of covariates have a chance to produce unbiased estimates, and (ii) there are certain data generating mechanisms producing a kind of bias in ecological estimates that cannot be corrected by modelling the effect of covariates. 相似文献
276.
Panchapakesan Padma Álvaro Rosa Nelson Antonio 《Journal of Relationship Marketing》2017,16(3):163-178
This article aims to identify the antecedents and consequences of mutual trust in public-private partnerships (PPPs), making use of the theory of mutual trust to develop the conceptual model. The article then tests hypotheses to find the role of trust in PPPs and also to identify the antecedents and consequences. Data have been collected from personnel working in government, corporate and non-profit sectors related to a post-earthquake psychological rehabilitation program in China. A total of 234 usable responses have been obtained with a return rate of 69.2%. The results of structural equation modeling show that while mutual communication, corporate reputation, and shared value influence mutual trust between partners positively, opportunism exerts negative influence on trust; in addition, trust also influences performance, commitment, and long-term relationships between partners. We conclude that mutual trust eliminates opportunism and increases confidence between partners, leading to improved inter-firm performance. If the partners establish trust in the PPP, they reap all other benefits of cooperation of PPPs. 相似文献
277.
Energy efficient household appliances in emerging markets: the influence of consumers' values and knowledge on their attitudes and purchase behaviour
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The Ninh Nguyen Antonio Lobo Steven Greenland 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2017,41(2):167-177
This research integrates both motivational and cognitive approaches to better understand consumers' purchase behaviour of energy efficient household appliances in emerging markets. A unique values, knowledge, attitudes and behaviour model was developed, and then validated by obtaining data from Vietnamese consumers which yielded 682 usable responses. The findings confirm that consumers with stronger adherence to egoistic values are more likely to develop negative attitudes towards environmental protection, and they tend to formulate positive attitudes towards individual inconvenience associated with the purchase of energy efficient appliances. In contrast, biospheric and altruistic values facilitate consumers' purchase behaviour by enhancing their attitudes towards environmental protection, and by also reducing their attitudes in relation to individual inconvenience. Interestingly, consumers with high knowledge about energy efficient appliances tend to believe that the purchase of such products is important for environmental protection, and they are likely to negate the perception of inconvenience associated with the purchase. Attitudes were found to be significant determinants of both purchase intention and behaviour. The implications for policymakers, marketers and other stakeholders are discussed and future research directions presented. 相似文献
278.
279.
Antonio Rafael Ramos-Rodríguez José Aurelio Medina-Garrido José Ruiz-Navarro 《International Journal of Hospitality Management》2012,31(2):579-587
The objective of this work is to assess the influence of certain factors on the likelihood of being a Hotels and Restaurants (H&R) entrepreneur. The factors evaluated are demographic and economic variables, variables related to perceptions of the environment and personal traits, and variables measuring the individual's intellectual and social capital. The work uses logistic regression techniques to analyze a sample of 33,711 individuals in the countries participating in the GEM project in 2008. The findings show that age, gender, income, perception of opportunities, fear of failure, entrepreneurial ability, knowing other entrepreneurs and being a business angel are explanatory factors of the probability of being an H&R entrepreneur. 相似文献
280.
Impacts of Policy Reforms on the Supply of Mexican Labor to U.S. Farms: New Evidence from Mexico 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Stephen R. Boucher Aaron Smith J. Edward Taylor Antonio Yúnez-Naude 《Review of Agricultural Economics》2007,29(1):4-16
The availability of immigrant farm-workers from Mexico is a critical factor affecting the U.S. fresh fruit and vegetable sector. This paper uses retrospective panel data from rural Mexico to examine the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Immigration Reform and Control Act on the supply of migrant labor to the United States. We find that, in contrast to expectations, both policies were associated with an increase in migration to U.S. farm jobs from rural Mexico. 相似文献