全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24061篇 |
免费 | 447篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 4586篇 |
工业经济 | 1705篇 |
计划管理 | 3565篇 |
经济学 | 5289篇 |
综合类 | 380篇 |
运输经济 | 175篇 |
旅游经济 | 432篇 |
贸易经济 | 3640篇 |
农业经济 | 1253篇 |
经济概况 | 3427篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
邮电经济 | 56篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 133篇 |
2020年 | 244篇 |
2019年 | 407篇 |
2018年 | 493篇 |
2017年 | 501篇 |
2016年 | 514篇 |
2015年 | 287篇 |
2014年 | 530篇 |
2013年 | 2450篇 |
2012年 | 712篇 |
2011年 | 798篇 |
2010年 | 665篇 |
2009年 | 745篇 |
2008年 | 721篇 |
2007年 | 626篇 |
2006年 | 566篇 |
2005年 | 478篇 |
2004年 | 505篇 |
2003年 | 453篇 |
2002年 | 505篇 |
2001年 | 440篇 |
2000年 | 457篇 |
1999年 | 436篇 |
1998年 | 404篇 |
1997年 | 416篇 |
1996年 | 411篇 |
1995年 | 357篇 |
1994年 | 367篇 |
1993年 | 399篇 |
1992年 | 408篇 |
1991年 | 401篇 |
1990年 | 329篇 |
1989年 | 301篇 |
1988年 | 291篇 |
1987年 | 302篇 |
1986年 | 309篇 |
1985年 | 468篇 |
1984年 | 433篇 |
1983年 | 400篇 |
1982年 | 376篇 |
1981年 | 345篇 |
1980年 | 390篇 |
1979年 | 318篇 |
1978年 | 270篇 |
1977年 | 256篇 |
1976年 | 198篇 |
1975年 | 242篇 |
1974年 | 193篇 |
1973年 | 188篇 |
1972年 | 133篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
921.
A. García-Pérez 《Metrika》2012,75(7):855-875
In this paper we obtain a linear approximation to the power function of a test that is very accurate for small sample sizes. This is especially useful for robust tests where not many power functions are available. The approximation is based on the von Mises expansion of the tail probability functional and on the Tail Area Influence Function (TAIF). The goals of the paper are, first to extend the definition of the TAIF to the case of non identically distributed random variables, defining the Partial Tail Area Influence Functions and the Vectorial Tail Area Influence Function; second, to obtain exact expressions for computing these new influence functions; and, finally, to find accurate approximations to the power function, that can be used in the case of non identically distributed random variables. We include some examples of the application of this linear approximation to tests that involve the Huber statistic and also saddlepoint tests, so proving that the approximations apply not only to simple problems but also to complex ones. 相似文献
922.
This paper is an exercise in the history of thought, which compares Austrian and neoclassical theories of the emergence of
private property rights, and examines, in part, the extent to which Austrians can be said to offer a commonly-agreed upon
explanation that parallels Carl Menger's exemplary story of the emergence of money. We address the sources of disagreement
(and apparent conflict) among emergence theorists in both schools. We try to show that some of the disagreement hinges on
an unclear meaning of the term “emergence,” which is resolvable, while other sources of disagreement are fundamental at the
methodological level.
JEL Code B25, E40, E53 相似文献
923.
Economic models typically allow for “free disposal” or “reversibility” of information, which implies non-negative value. Building
on previous research on the “curse of knowledge” we explore situations where this might not be so. In three experiments, we
document situations in which participants place positive value on information in attempting to predict the performance of
uninformed others, even when acquiring that information diminishes their earnings. In the first experiment, a majority of
participants choose to hire informed—rather than uninformed—agents, leading to lower earnings. In the second experiment, a
significant number of participants pay for information—the solution to a puzzle—that hurts their ability to predict how many
others will solve the puzzle. In the third experiment, we find that the effect is reduced with experience and feedback on
the actual performance to be predicted. We discuss implications of our results for the role of information and informed decision
making in economic situations.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10683-006-9128-y.
JEL Classification C91, D83 相似文献
924.
925.
正经济学家长久以来一直在用博弈论理解世界。如今,工程师和计算机科学家也正在用这个理论重新构思他们的工作。你和一同犯下重大抢劫案的同伙都被警察抓获了,并且被关进不同的房间进行审问。如果你们两个都对犯罪保持沉默,就会被以较轻的罪名判处一年徒刑。如果你们两个都坦白交代,就都会坐5年牢。但是,如果你 相似文献
926.
Reinforcing the Link Between Contributions and Pensions: The Effect of the Population Aging 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, we analyze a majority voting process on the earnings-related part of pension benefits in a Social Security system with flexible retirement. We show that the aging of the population may make it easier to implement one of the proposed reforms to achieve a delay in the average retirement age of workers, to reinforce the link between contributions and pensions. 相似文献
927.
In this paper, we discuss the properties of preliminary test estimators (PTE) of the parameters of simple linear model with
measurement error (ME model) when the slope of the linear model is suspected to be zero. Expressions of the bias, MSE and
efficiencies are obtained under conditional as well as unconditional situations with known reliability coefficient. Conditional
model results are compared to the standard model without measurement error. We also provide the unconditional model analysis
in finite samples. Asymptotic theory under local alternatives is developed when the variance of measurement error or the ratio
of the variance of the model error relative to the variance of the measurement error is known. Asymptotic expressions of bias
and MSE of the estimators along with their efficiencies are obtained. In every case, it is shown that the measurement error
tend to increase the variability of the estimators compared to the estimators without measurement error. Graphs and tables
are provided to see these results and to determine optimum level of significance for minimum guaranteed efficiency.
Received October 2001
RID="*"
ID="*" A. K. Md. E. Saleh is a Distinguished Research Professor and H. M. Kim is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Mathematics
and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa.
Acknowledgment. The authors gratefully acknowledge the constructive suggestion of the referees to improve the paper. The research is supported
by NSERC grant A3088. 相似文献
928.
Silva Portela Maria Conceição A. Borges Pedro Castro Thanassoulis Emmanuel 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2003,19(2-3):251-269
This paper draws attention for the fact that traditional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models do not provide the closest possible targets (or peers) to inefficient units, and presents a procedure to obtain such targets.It focuses on non-oriented efficiency measures (which assume that production units are able to control, and thus change, inputs and outputs simultaneously) both measured in relation to a Free Disposal Hull (FDH) technology and in relation to a convex technology. The approaches developed for finding close targets are applied to a sample of Portuguese bank branches. 相似文献
929.
Swamy P.A.V.B. Tavlas George S. Lutton Thomas J. 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2003,20(1):97-114
This paper introduces a simple, yet rich, measure of efficiency changes based on the revenue-generating-ability (RGA) principle. Using this principle, we explain the connections between efficiency changes and the variables, such as pretax profits, interest expense, non-interest expense, profit margins, loan loss provision, and asset quality. These connections are used to explain earnings differences between small and large commercial banks. 相似文献
930.
We propose estimation of a stochastic production frontier model within a Bayesian framework to obtain the posterior distribution of single-input-oriented technical efficiency at the firm level. All computations are carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The approach is illustrated by applying it to production data obtained from a survey of Ukrainian collective farms. We show that looking at the changes in single-input-oriented technical efficiency in addition to the changes in output-oriented technical efficiency improves the understanding of the dynamics of technical efficiency over the first years of transition in the former Soviet Union. 相似文献