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91.
Astrid Mastenbroek Irma Sirutyte Robert Sparrow 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2021,72(1):180-201
We examine smallholder farmers’ willingness to pay for agricultural technology and whether information is a constraint to adoption of certified maize seed in Northern Uganda. The uptake of improved maize varieties by smallholder farmers in Uganda remains persistently low, despite the higher yield potential compared to traditional varieties. A recently growing body of literature identifies information constraints as a potential barrier to adoption of agricultural technologies. We used incentive compatible Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak auctions to elicit willingness to pay for quality assured improved maize seed by 1,009 smallholder farmers, and conducted a randomised evaluation to test the effect of an information intervention on farmers’ knowledge of seed certification. Our results show that the randomised information treatment enhanced farmers’ knowledge of certified seed. However, using the information treatment as an instrumental variable for knowledge, we find no evidence of a causal effect of knowledge on willingness to pay, suggesting that even though farmers are information constrained, this constraint does not affect adoption of certified seed directly. Nevertheless, only 14% of sampled farmers were willing to pay the market price, which corresponds closely with actual observed demand for certified seed in the previous season. This suggests that there are other barriers to adoption than information and awareness. 相似文献
92.
Scott A. Neslin Gail Ayala Taylor Kimberly D. Grantham Kimberly R. McNeil 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2013,41(3):320-337
Purchase likelihood typically declines as the length of time since the customer’s previous purchase (“recency”) increases. As a result, firms face a “recency trap,” whereby recency increases for customers who do not purchase in a given period, making it even less likely they will purchase in the next period. Eventually the customer is effectively lost to the firm. We develop and illustrate a modeling approach to target a firm’s marketing efforts, keeping in mind the customer’s recency state. This requires an empirical model that predicts purchase likelihood as a function of recency and marketing, and a dynamic optimization that prescribes the most profitable way to target customers. In our application we find that customers’ purchase likelihoods as well as response to marketing depend on recency. These results are used to show that the targeting of email and direct mail should depend on the customer’s recency and that the optimal decision policy enables the average high recency customer, who currently is virtually worthless to the firm, to become profitable. 相似文献
93.
Erik Brynjolfsson Astrid A. Dick Michael D. Smith 《Quantitative Marketing and Economics》2010,8(1):1-33
Internet shopbots allow consumers to almost instantly compare prices and other characteristics from dozens of sellers via
a single website. We estimate the magnitude of consumer search costs and benefits using data from a major shopbot for books.
For the median consumer, the estimated benefit from simply scrolling down to search lower screens is $6.55. This amounts to
about 60% of the observed price dispersion and suggests that consumers face significant search costs, even in this “nearly-perfect”
market. Price elasticities are relatively high compared to offline markets (−7 to −10 in our base model). Furthermore, contrary
to the common assumption, search intensity is not correlated with greater price sensitivity. Instead, consumers who search
multiple screens put relatively more weight on non-price factors like brand. 相似文献
94.
Sergio L. Toral Marìn Rocìo Martìneztorres Federico J. Barrero Garcìa Sergio Gallardo Vázquez Enrique Vargas Vicente González Ayala 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2006,16(3):237-252
Nowadays the European Universities are worried about how to adapt higher education to the new European Higher Education Area,
as proposed in the Bologna Magna Charta Universitatum of 1998, and signed by 32 European Education Ministers. One of the key
points in this higher education reform was the introduction of new Master’s level curricula. These Masters will look for the
professional specialization and they will have to be adapted to the specific skills demanded by the society. This paper presents
the results from a cooperation project – funded by the AECI (International Cooperation Spanish Agency) and developed between
the University of Seville (Spain) and the Catholic University of Asuncion (Paraguay) – by about the planning of a new master’s
level curriculum in digital signal processing (DSP) area, taking into account the Bologna principles and the conclusions obtained
by the Career Space Consortium. A scientific method from social science, known as concept mapping techniques, was used to
perform this planning. Basically, the idea of concept mapping consists of compiling the opinion from actors belonging to different
environments (lecturers, researchers, workers, businessmen, etc.) related to DSP applications. The compiled data were statistically
computed to cluster the opinions of the different agents. The result will be a master’s level curricula adapted to the environment
requirements and the social settings. 相似文献
95.
Astrid Doerry 《保险科学杂志》1980,69(2-3):391-398
96.
Astrid Kander Josef Taalbi Juha Oksanen Karolin Sjöö Nina Rilla 《The Scandinavian economic history review / [the Scandanavian Society for Economic and Social History and Historical Geography]》2019,67(1):47-70
We examine trends in innovation output for two highly ranked innovative countries: Finland and Sweden (1970–2013). Our novel dataset, collected using the LBIO (literature-based innovation output) method, suggests that the innovation trends are positive for both countries, despite an extended downturn in the 1980s. The findings cast some doubt on the proposition that the current stagnation of many developed countries is due to a lack of innovation and investment opportunities. Our data show that Finland catches up to, and passes, Sweden in innovation output in the 1990s. In per capita terms, Finland stays ahead throughout the period. We find that the strong Finnish performance is largely driven by innovation increase in just a handfull of sectors, but is not restricted to few companies. Both countries saw a rise in innovation during the dot-com era and the structural changes that followed. Since 2000 however, Sweden has outperformed Finland in terms of total innovations, especially in machinery and ICT, while the Finnish rate of innovation has stabilised. We suggest that these patterns may be explained by different paths of industrial renewal. 相似文献
97.
In non‐profit organizations (NPOs), volunteers often work alongside paid workers. Such a co‐production setting can lead to tension between the two worker groups. This article examines for the first time if and how volunteers influence the separation of paid employees, and thus it contributes to the debate over whether volunteers can substitute paid workers. Using Austrian data at the organizational level, we find a significant impact of volunteers on the separations of paid workers in NPOs facing increased competition. These findings support the assumption that a partial substitution effect exists between paid workers and volunteers. 相似文献
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