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排序方式: 共有301条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Holger Schmieding Peter Trapp James Riedel Wojciech Kostrzewa Kurt W. Rothschild Jamuna P. Agarwal Hartmut Picht Harmen Lehment Torsten Tewes Manfred Neldner Federico Foders Henning Klodt Bobby E. Apostolakis Siegfried F. Franke Axel Busch Hermann Sautter 《Review of World Economics》1989,125(2):406-434
102.
Modern audit practice has focused increasing attention on the use of analytical review procedures to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of audits. To assist in this endeavour, one branch of analytical review research has investigated the judgment processes that auditors' use in analytical review and the development of decision aids to improve these processes. Several recent papers have considered how alternative presentations of financial and operating data, specifically graphs versus tables, may affect the effectiveness of auditors' analytical review judgments. However, the results have been mixed. This study investigated the expectation that there would be effectiveness and efficiency performance advantages for auditors receiving graphically presented data over those receiving tabular presented data in an analytical review setting. This paper reports on the results of an experiment that examined the impact of graphs versus tables on the effectiveness of sales account balance prediction, confidence in this prediction and the setting of a noninvestigation region, and the relative time efficiency with which these tasks were completed, for an analytical review of sales for a retailing client. The study found mixed results for the accuracy of the sales account balance predictions of the graphical and tabular treatment groups, with no difference found when a regression model estimate of the ‘correct’ prediction was used and greater accuracy for the graphical group when the actual audited sales account balance was used as the accuracy benchmark. No significant differences between treatment groups was found for their confidence in their sales account balance predictions and the width of the noninvestigation regions set. However, a significant time advantage was found for the graphical group. These findings suggest that there may a useful role for the use of graphs as decision aids in income statement related analytical review procedures in improving audit efficiency without sacrificing audit effectiveness. 相似文献
103.
Axel F. A. Adam‐Müller 《期货市场杂志》2002,22(4):371-386
An entrepreneur faces two types of risk: one from income generation, one from income spending. His income from firm profits is risky due to output price fluctuations and other risks. As a consumer, he is also exposed to inflation risk since he maximizes expected utility of real income. This article focuses on optimal production and risk management decisions of a risk‐averse entrepreneur jointly facing tradable output price risk and untradable inflation risk. Inflation risk applies multiplicatively to the entrepreneur's entire nominal income. Relative risk aversion and the risks' joint distribution determine the effect of introducing a futures market on production. For dependent risks, this effect may be negative if relative risk aversion is above one. Relative risk aversion and the joint distribution also determine optimal risk management with futures contracts where speculation on a real risk premium and cross hedging may be conflicting objectives. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:371–386, 2002 相似文献
104.
Axel Borrmann 《Intereconomics》1976,11(2):58-61
Since 1970 the world economy has gone through a series of grave crises which have stimulated an intensive discussion about the economic and political relations between industrialized and developing countries. As seen from the Federal Republic of Germany, the witnessed events have not only an international dimension, but they focus attention again on one particular problem of national economic policy, the relationship of external economic policy and development policy, because the new strains on the international plane are in part reflected by this relationship. 相似文献
105.
106.
Conclusion In this article, we propose a consistent view on the recent oil-price history based on fundamental data and economic theory.
We sum up: After the turn of the century three major stylized shocks have hit market. First, the demand curve has shifted
fight outwards, mainly driven, as extensively reported in the media, by sustained growth in China and other Asian Countries.
Second, supply disruptions in countries with low extraction costs (Iraq and Venezuela) have shifted the supply curve to the
left. Third, we show that speculators adjust their inventories in order to take advantage of predictable price fluctuations
and play themselves a major role in the price formation. Optimal storage theory implies that aggregate inventories are negatively
related to the oil price and positively to the volatility of supply and demand shocks.
We provide evidence that the political events in the last years have increased volatility and induced the inventory curve
to shift right outwards. We analyze in a graphical framework the interaction of all these shocks and conclude that speculators
have caused the oil price to overshoot in the short run its long-run fundamental value. However, this is not at all attributable
to market failure or the harmfulness of speculators. In fact, the opposite is true. Speculators have in general a dampening
effect on the oil price. The record oil price in the very recent history is partly a consequence of speculators maintaining
or building-up inventories to cope with the supply and demand shocks to come. Hence, high prices represent a short-term toll
for future price stability.
It follows from our analysis that the oil price is expected to fall towards its long-term mean, provided that no further shocks
hit the economy and, critically, the oil supply. As we saw, this prediction is consistent with the observed prices in the
futures markets. Also in terms of future price volatility, the outlook is rather upbeat. The increased inventory levels held
by speculators will cushion the spot market against fluctuations in natural supply and demand and limit the degree to which
the currently high underlying volatility will translate into higher price volatility.
We would like to thank Manuel Ammann, Bernd Brommundt, Stephan Kessler, Ralf Seiz, Michael Verhofen, Hemrich von Wyss, and
two anonymous referees for helpful comments We are particularly indebted to Sergej Peisotchenko at United Energy System (UES)
of Russia and Jan Gjerde at Shell for clearing us up on technical aspects of oil production 相似文献
107.
The intention for the Italian government to stimulate business activity via large increases in government spending is not in line with the stabilisation of the public debt ratio. Instead, if such policy were implemented, the risk of a sovereign debt crisis would be high. In this article, we analyse the capacity of the Italian economy to shoulder sovereign debt under different scenarios. We conclude that focusing on growth enhancing structural reforms, would allow for moderate increases in public expenditure. 相似文献
108.
Global factors are becoming increasingly important as a cause of international capital fl ows. It is nearly impossible for some countries to protect themselves from outside infl uences on their fi nancial markets. This paper investigates the extent to which various global factors such as stock market volatility, international liquidity and global interest rate levels impact on the effective fi nancial market exchange rates of selected emerging market economies. These results are compared with effects on the fi nancial market exchange rates of the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. 相似文献
109.
Stefan Stieglitz Linh Dang-Xuan Axel Bruns Christoph Neuberger 《Business & Information Systems Engineering》2014,6(2):89-96
In this contribution, we introduce “social media analytics” (SMA) as an emerging interdisciplinary research field that, in our view, will have a significant impact on social media-related future research from across different academic disciplines. Despite a number of challenges, we argue that SMA can provide other disciplines – including IS – with methodological foundations for research that focuses on social media. Furthermore, we believe that SMA can help IS research to develop decision-making or decision-aiding frameworks by tackling the issue of social media-related performance measurement, which has been challenging until now. Moreover, SMA can provide architectural designs and solution frameworks for new social media-based applications and information systems. Finally, we call for an interdisciplinary SMA research agenda as well as a significantly increased level of interdisciplinary research co-operation, which must aim to generate significant advancements in scientific methods for analyzing social media, as well as to answer research questions from across different disciplines. 相似文献
110.
At the end of 2007 the WTO waiver granted for the non-reciprocal EU/ACP trade preferences will phase out. New economic partnership
agreements are currently under negotiation, but whether the ACP countries will be able to benefit from them depends to a large
extent on the institutional setting in those countries. The following article takes the example of the Economic Community
of West African States to examine the situation more closely. 相似文献