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91.
92.
Bart Van den Cruyce 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2013,25(1):33-61
This paper describes the compilation of the use table for imported goods and the valuation matrix of trade margins for Belgium in 1995. It introduces the methodological novelty of integrating the compilation of both tables and systematically exploiting the fact that large import and export flows do not generate trade margins. This is notably the case for direct imports for intermediate consumption or investment by non-traders, and direct exports by producers. For identifying these trade flows, extensive use was made of intrastat and extrastat data. The results are compared with those of a proportional distribution of imports and trade margins. Many statistical offices resort to the latter approach because of a lack of survey data on the destination of trade margins and imports. We demonstrate that the integrated approach can improve the quality of both the import matrix and the valuation matrix for trade margins, while using only existing data sources. 相似文献
93.
Based on unique data we show that macro variables, the default rate and loss given default of bank loans share common cyclical components. The innovation in our model is the distinction between loans with either severe or mild losses. The variation in the proportion of these two types drives the cyclic behavior of the loss given default and constitutes the links with the default rate and macro variables. These links vary according to loan and borrower characteristics. During downturns, the proportion of defaults with severe losses increases, but the distribution of losses conditional on their being mild or severe does not change. although loans are monitored more closely than bonds and are more senior, the cyclical variation in their losses resembles those for bonds, albeit around a lower average level. This variation leads to an increase in the capital reserves required for loan portfolios. 相似文献
94.
Bart L. Weathington 《Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal》2008,20(4):291-300
With continuing increases in the cost of medical insurance and other “fringe” benefits, payroll cost for monetary and non-monetary
aspects of compensation is a significant factor for most organizations. While this is not a new phenomenon, relatively few
studies in the empirical literature have examined the role of fringe benefits in employee compensation plans. Especially in
under researched areas, it is imperative that researchers utilize ideas and theories from other disciplines to further our
knowledge. Accordingly, this paper borrows the concept of elasticity from the economic literature to help explain and understand
employee perceptions of two of the most common, costly, and important benefits—medical insurance and retirement plans. Specifically,
the relationship between the current income of employees is analyzed in relation to employee perceptions of the value and
importance of benefits. Results suggest that employees do not value medical insurance and retirement plans in the same manner.
This result is interpreted in terms of the change in the marginal utility of the specific benefit. 相似文献
95.
The 2003 National Business Ethics Survey, conducted by the Ethics Resource Center, found that respondents who were both young
and had short organizational tenure were substantially less likely than other respondents to report misconduct that they observed
in the workplace to an authority. We propose that the life-course model of deviance can help account for this attenuation
of acquiescence in misbehavior. As employees learn to perceive informal prosocial control during their socialization into
the workforce, we hypothesize that they will become more willing to blow the whistle on misconduct. Analysis of the 2003 NBES
(n = 1,417, with a subset of 314 who observed misconduct) reveals that young and short-tenured employees do perceive less informal
prosocial control, and that informal prosocial control does boost whistle-blowing; however, tests for mediation of the relationship
between youth and short-tenure and whistle-blowing by informal social control were largely negative, suggesting that other
explanations are still needed. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
Betelhem M. Negede Hugo De Groote Bart Minten Maarten Voors 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2024,75(1):137-152
Seasonal price variability for cereals is two to three times higher in Africa than on the international reference market. Seasonality is even more pronounced when access to appropriate storage and opportunities for price arbitrage are limited. As smallholder farmers typically sell their production after harvest, when prices are low, this leads to lower incomes as well as higher food insecurity during the lean season, when prices are high. One solution to reduce seasonal stress is the use of improved storage technologies. Using data from a randomised controlled trial, in a major maize-growing region of Western Ethiopia, we study the impact of hermetic bags, a technology that protects stored grain against insect pests, so that the grain can be stored longer. Despite considerable price seasonality—maize prices in the lean season are 36% higher than after harvesting—we find no evidence that hermetic bags improve welfare, except that access to these bags allowed for a marginally longer storage period of maize intended for sale by 2 weeks. But this did not translate into measurable welfare gains as we found no changes in any of our welfare outcome indicators. This ‘near-null’ effect is due to the fact that maize storage losses in our study region are relatively lower than previous studies suggested—around 10% of the quantity stored—likely because of the widespread use of an alternative to protect maize during storage, for example a cheap but highly toxic fumigant. These findings are important for policies that seek to promote improved storage technologies in these settings. 相似文献
99.
Consumers' Search for Information on the Internet: How and Why China Differs from Western Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alexander Vuylsteke Zhong Wen Bart Baesens Jonas Poelmans 《Journal of Interactive Marketing》2010,24(4):309-331
Internet adoption in China is booming and purchasing power is growing steadily. Increasing numbers of Chinese turn to the Internet to search for information prior to a purchase. Based on 32 h of interviews with students and business professionals in China, and a questionnaire completed by a sample of 1140 students in Beijing and Belgium, our explorative study demonstrates that fundamental cultural, behavioral, economic, technical, and other characteristics of China cause significant differences between Chinese and Western Europeans in their online search process for information prior to a purchase. The differences occur in frequency, goal, types of information sought, types of websites used, search engine usage patterns, and contribution of user opinions. This has important implications for marketing practitioners in China, especially for multinational corporations that enter China and that are not familiar yet with the Chinese environment. Suggestions for future research are also provided. 相似文献
100.
The dramatic increase in the price of rice and other commodities over the past year has generated new interest in how these markets work and how they can be improved. This article uses an exceptionally rich data set to test the extent to which markets in Madagascar are integrated across space at different scales of analysis and to explain some of the factors that limit spatial arbitrage and price equalization within a single country. We use rice price data across four quarters of 2000–2001 along with data on transportation costs and infrastructure availability for nearly 1,400 communes in Madagascar to examine the extent of market integration at three different spatial scales—subregional, regional, and national—and to determine whether non-integration is due to high transfer costs or lack of competition. The results indicate that markets are fairly well integrated at the subregional level and that factors such as high crime rates, remoteness, and lack of information are among the factors limiting competition. 相似文献