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71.
Beatrice Schindler Rangvid 《Empirical Economics》2007,33(2):359-388
Data from the first wave of the OECD PISA study are combined with register data for Denmark to estimate the effect of the
socioeconomic mix of schools on students’ test scores. A major disadvantage of the PISA design for the analysis of school
composition effects is the small students-per-school samples. Adding family background data from administrative registers
for all same-aged schoolmates of the PISA students helps overcome this. To compensate for endogeneity in the school composition
variable, the results are conditioned on a rich set of family and school variables from the PISA data. Quantile regression
results suggest differential school composition effects across the conditional reading score distribution, with students in
the lower quantiles achieving the largest test score gains. Mathematics results suggest that high- and low-ability students
benefit equally from attending schools with a better student intake, and most results for science are only marginally significant.
These results imply that mixing students of different home backgrounds could improve equity of achievement for both reading
and mathematics; however, the average skill level would improve only for reading literacy. In mathematics, mixing students
would not raise average outcomes, because the detrimental effect on students in the higher quantiles would offset positive
effects on those in the lower quantiles.
I thank Amelie Constant, Bernd Fitzenberger, Eskil Heinesen, Peter Jensen, Craig Riddell, Michael Rosholm, Nina Smith, Robert
Wright and participants at the ESPE and EALE 2003 conferences and at AKF seminars, and two anonymous referees for helpful
comments and suggestions. Financial support provided by the Danish Social Science Research Council is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
72.
Beatrice Van Der Heijden Jo Boon Marcel Van Der Klink Ely Meijs 《International Journal of Training and Development》2009,13(1):19-37
Although learning is generally perceived as a way to improve employees' current job performance, so far, no research has been conducted to explore the possible relationships between formal and informal learning, on the one hand, and employability, on the other. Though contemporary views stress the importance of the job as a powerful learning site, considerable research evidence underpinning these views is lacking. This paper goes into the impact of formal and informal learning upon employability. The influence of employee characteristics and organizational factors is also taken into account. An e‐questionnaire was used to collect data among 215 Dutch non‐academic university staff members. Our findings emphasize the necessity of Human Resource Development strategies that encompass a mix of formal and informal learning opportunities. In particular, participation in networks appears to be an important predictor for employability. With the outcomes of this study, we aim to contribute to the further development of theoretical insights regarding employability enhancement through learning possibilities embedded in the workplace. It seems that strategies that focus exclusively on enhancing informal on‐the‐job learning should not be encouraged. Our study is limited to one context and further research is required to investigate the generalizability of the findings to other occupations and/or countries. 相似文献
73.
The article deals with the question of whether the economic interests of media companies have an effect on the quality of their media coverage. Such an effect would violate professional journalistic standards. As a case study, we analyze media coverage on the abortive acquisition of the ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG by the Axel Springer Verlag, comparing Springer-owned and competitor-owned newspapers. The professional journalistic standards of relevance, neutrality, balance and transparency are applied to measure the quality of the media coverage. Results show systematic differences in the presentation and evaluation of the acquisition between the two media groups, in line with their economic interests. Springer newspapers apply a two-level strategy: On the one hand, they publish fewer and more neutral articles than the competitors’ newspapers — they obviously do not want to draw attention to the topic. On the other hand, they try to influence public discussion covertly by using »opportune witnesses« and «volatile issues«. The media coverage of both newspaper groups — Springer and competitors — can be explained by their economic interests. This assertion is supported by both theoretical assumptions and empirical findings. 相似文献
74.
Review of Economic Design - A social choice rule aggregates the preferences of a group of individuals over a set of alternatives into a collective choice. The literature admits several social... 相似文献
75.
Review of Accounting Studies - Integrated ownership is often seen as a way to foster specific investments. However, even in integrated firms, managers invest to maximize their compensation, which... 相似文献
76.
Marjukka Laine Beatrice I.J.M. van der Heijden Gustav Wickström Hans-Martin Hasselhorn Peter Tackenberg 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(2):420-438
To determine the occupational factors affecting nurses' decision to leave their profession before reaching retirement age, a large epidemiological study (Nurses' early exit study – NEXT)1 was carried out in ten European countries. Altogether 32,037 registered nurses answered a questionnaire, covering, for example, questions on job insecurity and intention to leave nursing work. The data were analysed statistically using Chi2 test and binary logistic regression models. Concern about becoming unemployed and difficulties to find a new job if laid off was reported by 40% of the respondents. More than half of the respondents were worried about their qualitative job security (being transferred to another job or changes in work schedule), while less than 40% had concerns about becoming unable to work. Thoughts about leaving the profession were reported by 15% of the respondents. The hypothesis, that nurses will show higher intention to leave if they experience high levels of job insecurity, was partly supported by the results of the study. The concern about the qualitative aspects of job security correlated positively with intent to leave nursing in almost all the participating countries; most strongly among the Finnish and Norwegian nurses. The relationship between the concern about employment security and intent to leave varied from country to country, probably due to differences in the labour market situation. The correlation was positive for the Dutch and British nurses while, for the Polish and German sample, nurses who reported worry about their employment security appeared to be less willing to leave the profession than those who were not too worried. The concern about being unable to work correlated positively with intent to leave in several countries, reflecting the demands of the profession. The effects of job insecurity can be reduced if nurses feel that they are important to the health care institution they work for, and that the institution cares about them, and values their opinion. 相似文献
77.
Nele De Cuyper Beatrice I.J.M. Van der Heijden Hans De Witte 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(7):1486-1503
We investigated interactions between perceived employability and employees' perceptions about psychological contract obligations made by the employer in relation to life and job satisfaction, self-rated performance, and turnover intention. We hypothesized that perceived employability relates positively to job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and self-rated performance and negatively to turnover intention under the condition of many promises. Conversely, perceived employability relates negatively to job satisfaction, life satisfaction, and self-rated performance and positively to turnover intention under the condition of few promises. Analyses using a sample of 463 workers from seven Belgian organizations showed that perceived employability was positively related to all outcomes except job satisfaction. The number of promises was positively related to job and life satisfaction, and to self-rated performance, and negatively to turnover intention. Contradictory to our expectations, with the exception of turnover intention, the relationships between perceived employability and the outcomes were relatively stronger and positive under the condition of few promises compared with many promises. 相似文献
78.
We consider conditional convex risk measures on L p and show their robust representation in a standard way. Such measures are used as evaluation functionals for optimal portfolio selection in a Black&Scholes setting. We study this problem focusing on the conditional Average Value at Risk and the conditional entropic risk measure and compare the respective optimizers. 相似文献
79.
Beatrice Zucca Micheletto 《Feminist Economics》2013,19(4):200-223
This study presents initial estimates of women's labor force participation rates in preindustrial Turin. According to the population census of 1802, married women's participation rates were conspicuously low compared with the rates of unmarried women and widows and therefore deserve additional investigation. First, the study points out the value of a methodological approach based on the use of nonprincipal breadwinner-oriented sources, such as registers of applicants for poor relief. Here, all members of the family were encouraged to declare their occupations and activities in some detail in order to demonstrate concrete contribution to the survival of the family. Finally, the study discusses the occupational patterns of women employed as servants and as artisans and laborers in silk manufacturing. This highlights the crucial role played by migration flows and by women's access to skilled or low-qualified jobs in determining the extent of women's participation in preindustrial Turin's labor market. 相似文献
80.
Results on Schinasi’s (Rev Econ Stud 48:649–653, 1981; J Econ Theory 28:369–375, 1982) variant of the dynamic fixed-price IS–LM model have remained so far confined to Kaldorian type economies, namely to those economies which present a greater-than-unity marginal propensity to spend out of income. This paper shows that, in the case of a negative interest rate sensitivity of savings, stable endogenous cycles can actually emerge as equilibrium solutions of the model also in the case of non-Kaldorian type economies. 相似文献