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121.
122.
Alexander Fink 《Constitutional Political Economy》2011,22(2):173-190
Social contractarians commonly take social contracts to be solely hypothetical and refrain from elaborating on the factors
that influence the feasibility of the formation of social contracts. In contrast, this paper aims at providing a discussion
of the conditions affecting the feasibility of social contracts. I argue that the more aligned the preferences of group members
for public goods are, the more the individuals share similar social norms, and the smaller the group is the more feasible
a genuine social contract becomes. I provide evidence in support of my contention from the medieval Hanseatic League. At the
Hanseatic Kontor in Novgorod, one of the four major trading posts of the Hanseatic League in cities outside of Germany, German merchants agreed
to live under the rule of a constitution that gave rise to a political authority for the Kontor society. 相似文献
123.
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125.
在现有国际体系中,不对称性是国际关系的主要特征之一,它与单位行为体的制衡行为直接相关联。随着全球化和区域主义的发展,不对称性已从国家层面扩展到地区层面,其原有内涵和制衡逻辑也发生了转移。以地区性作为比较区域间不对称的参考点,作者探讨了地区层面的制衡行为,分析了不对称性、地区性与制衡行为之间的关系,认为在不对称的国际关系中,弱势国家出于维护现状或提高讨价还价能力的需要,它们倾向于选择地区层次的制衡行为。由于地区层次的制衡行为伴随着一定的制度化风险,因此地区层次制衡行为的发生需有一定的条件。通过选取欧盟与东盟关系作为考察对象,作者认为,在不对称的国际关系中,地区性能够反映区域间的不对称关系,也代表了地区层次的制衡能力;地区层次的制衡行为没有特定目标,但主要以平衡大国或发达国家的地区性国家集团为主;当弱势国家的内部制衡无法在短期内得到质的提升时,它们会更倾向选择通过外部制衡,即利用区域间关系来平衡不对称关系。尤其在无政府状态下的单极体系中,当国际结构对霸权国的约束力被严重削弱时,地区层次的制衡作用便显得更加突出。 相似文献
126.
Nelson C. Modeste 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2011,38(1):53-62
This paper provides fresh estimates of income and price elasticities of import demand in Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and
Tobago using a bounds test for cointegration. In addition, the paper also provides estimates of the consumption, investment,
and exports elasticities of import demand. These latter elasticities were all found to be positive and statistically significant
with values ranging from 0.16 to 0.55 in the long-run. 相似文献
127.
SFAS 158 mandated balance sheet disclosure of the funded status of firms’ Defined Benefit Pension Plan using the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) to estimate the pension liability. SFAS 158 caused a market phenomenon because the use of the PBO engendered dramatically higher estimates of pension liability and hence the perception of risk. Our work focuses on two aspects of this change in pension accounting: first, how will industry firms change their accounting strategy in light of the new rules, and second, how will firms’ stock prices be affected by the new allegedly better estimate of pension liability? Our research suggests that firms’ accounting strategies changed in that they use higher discount rates to estimate pension liability which offset the dramatic impact of using the PBO. In addition, we find that high financial risk firms’ tendencies to use higher discount rates increase with the firms’ leverage and decrease with liquidity. To test the market reaction we utilize standard event study methodology to investigate the effects of SFAS 158 on stock returns. Our findings suggest that firms with high (low) financial risk earn negative (positive) abnormal returns on and around relevant event dates preceding the implementation of SFAS 158. 相似文献
128.
This paper studies the financing status of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in transition economies. Factors causing financing
obstacles are indentified and further analyzed to determine their influence over financing patterns. Bank regulatory practices
relevant to SMEs’ access to bank loans and their influence over loan structures are identified. This study contributes to
the existing body of knowledge by exploring the impact of specific bank regulatory practices on credit lending to SMEs in
transition economies. 相似文献
129.
130.
Joseph P. Joyce 《Open Economies Review》2011,22(5):875-895
Bank crises in emerging economies have been a feature of the recent global crisis, and their incidence has increased in the
post-Bretton Woods era. This paper investigates the impact of financial globalization on the incidence of systemic bank crises
in 20 emerging markets over the years 1976–2002 using measures of de facto and de jure financial openness. An increase in foreign debt liabilities contributes to an increase in the incidence of crises, but foreign
direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities have the opposite effect. A more liberal de jure capital regime lowers the incidence of banking crises, while a regime of fixed exchange rates increases their frequency.
The results of the econometric analysis is consistent with the experience of East European and central Asian emerging markets,
which attracted a relatively large proportion of capital flows in the form of debt in recent years and have been particularly
hard hit by the global financial crisis. 相似文献