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861.
Michael J. Hicks 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(1):77-95
This research estimates fiscal impacts of Wal-Mart in Ohio from 1985 through 2003. Using a panel of counties, and accounting
for spatial autocorrelation in an instrumental variable model I estimate impact of Wal-Mart and Super-Centers on selected
revenues and transfer payments. Among the findings is that the presence of a Wal-Mart increases local commercial property
tax assessments resulting in collection increases of between $350,000 and $1.3 million. There is also an 18–43% reduction
in per capita EITC claims in a county. However, Medicaid expenditures experience growth which amount to roughly 16 additional
cases attributable to a single Wal-Mart. The magnitude and statistical certainty of these findings, suggests that local fiscal
intervention, either through incentives or a “Wal-Mart Tax” is unwarranted.
相似文献
Michael J. HicksEmail: |
862.
This paper utilizes calculated historical volatility and GARCH models to compare the historical price volatility behavior
of crude oil, motor gasoline and heating oil in U.S. markets since 1990. We incorporate a shift variable in the GARCH/TARCH
models to capture the response of price volatility to a change in OPEC’s pricing behavior. This study has three major conclusions.
First, there was an increase in volatility as a result of a structural shift to higher crude oil prices after April 1999.
Second, volatility shocks from current news are not important since GARCH effects dominate ARCH effects in the variance equation.
Third, persistence of volatility in all commodity markets is quite transitory, with half-lives normally being a few weeks.
相似文献
Thomas K. LeeEmail: |
863.
This paper presents a model to explain the official discount rate of the Central Bank of Austria–Hungary from 1876 to 1913.
The discount rate is assumed to depend on the liquidity ratio of the Bank, defined as the ratio of its stock of metals to
banknotes issued, and on changes in foreign discount rates. The paper also presents an equation explaining the liquidity ratio.
We use “not equally spaced chronologically ordered data” referring to the 50 discount rate changes enacted. The regressions
confirm that the liquidity ratio was the main determinant of the discount rate and that Germany (and not Great Britain) played
a significant role in determining the Austro–Hungarian discount rate and the liquidity ratios, supporting the view that the
classical gold standard was a decentralized multipolar system rather than a system fully dominated by London as suggested
by Keynes. The regressions also suggest that, although Austria–Hungary had an inconvertible paper currency (1879–1892) and
fluctuating exchange rates (1876–1895) and formally joined the gold standard only in 1902, it “shadowed” the behaviour of
gold standard Central Banks with such consistency that the stability of the estimated regressions was relatively unaffected
by the frequent institutional changes.
相似文献
Jürgen WoltersEmail: |
864.
Caroline Schmidt 《Open Economies Review》2007,18(3):347-367
In this paper, it is argued that the observed high positive correlation between national savings and investment which is found
in the data can in part be explained by shocks to monetary policy. This hypothesis, which is established by reviewing some
empirical findings, is tested in a two-country DSGE-model framework in the tradition of the New Open Economy Macroeconomics.
The simulation results obtained support the idea that shocks to monetary policy might contribute to the explanation of the
Feldstein-Horioka puzzle.
相似文献
Caroline SchmidtEmail: |
865.
Edward J. Kane 《Atlantic Economic Journal》2007,35(4):399-409
Basel II consists of supervisory guidelines negotiated by representatives of central banks and national regulatory commissions
that were members of the Basel committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The BCBS is itself a regulatory response to globalization,
which is connecting national safety nets in market-driven ways. A country’s financial safety net is a social contract established
by short-lived agents for principals in long-lived economic sectors. Restraints placed on the authority of the BCBS members
to contract for their principals by domestic politics explains: why Basel II authorizes individual countries to implement
the agreement in markedly different ways; why US implementation of Basel II ran into so much doubt, controversy, and delay;
and how the implementation debate set small and large banks and the Federal Reserve and other federal regulators against one
another.
相似文献
Edward J. KaneEmail: |
866.
867.
Online labor markets have great potential as platforms for conducting experiments. They provide immediate access to a large
and diverse subject pool, and allow researchers to control the experimental context. Online experiments, we show, can be just
as valid—both internally and externally—as laboratory and field experiments, while often requiring far less money and time
to design and conduct. To demonstrate their value, we use an online labor market to replicate three classic experiments. The
first finds quantitative agreement between levels of cooperation in a prisoner’s dilemma played online and in the physical
laboratory. The second shows—consistent with behavior in the traditional laboratory—that online subjects respond to priming
by altering their choices. The third demonstrates that when an identical decision is framed differently, individuals reverse
their choice, thus replicating a famed Tversky-Kahneman result. Then we conduct a field experiment showing that workers have
upward-sloping labor supply curves. Finally, we analyze the challenges to online experiments, proposing methods to cope with
the unique threats to validity in an online setting, and examining the conceptual issues surrounding the external validity
of online results. We conclude by presenting our views on the potential role that online experiments can play within the social
sciences, and then recommend software development priorities and best practices. 相似文献
868.
Flows of people,flows of ideas,and the inequality of nations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The present paper examines a neglected determinant of aggregate productivity: temporary cross-border flows of people. We hypothesize
that interaction between people from different nations facilitates the international diffusion of ideas, thus stimulating
aggregate productivity. In order to assess the causal impact of people flows on productivity, we construct an instrument for
people flows. By analogy to the trade/growth literature, this instrument is derived from a fitted gravity equation involving
geographic determinants of bilateral travel flows. Our cross-section analysis reveal that greater international interaction
leads to higher productivity; a very similar result, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, is obtained when we employ dynamic
panel data methods for the purpose of identification. 相似文献
869.
We compare behavior in modified dictator games with and without role uncertainty. Subjects choose between a selfish action,
a costly surplus creating action (altruistic behavior) and a costly surplus destroying action (spiteful behavior). While costly
surplus creating actions are the most frequent under role uncertainty (64%), selfish actions become the most frequent without
role uncertainty (69%). Also, the frequency of surplus destroying choices is negligible with role uncertainty (1%) but not
so without it (11%). A classification of subjects into four different types of interdependent preferences (Selfish, Social
Welfare maximizing, Inequity Averse and Competitive) shows that the use of role uncertainty overestimates the prevalence of
Social Welfare maximizing preferences in the subject population (from 74% with role uncertainty to 21% without it) and underestimates
Selfish and Inequity Averse preferences. An additional treatment, in which subjects undertake an understanding test before
participating in the experiment with role uncertainty, shows that the vast majority of subjects (93%) correctly understand
the payoff mechanism with role uncertainty, but yet surplus creating actions were most frequent. Our results warn against
the use of role uncertainty in experiments that aim to measure the prevalence of interdependent preferences. 相似文献
870.
Joseph Zeira 《Journal of Economic Growth》2011,16(2):135-156
This paper presents a model of innovations and endogenous economic growth with two main assumptions: first, the cost of searching
for innovations differs across innovations, and second, innovations take time to find. The paper shows that given these two
assumptions together, competition leads to patent races and to duplication of innovative activity. The paper then shows that
duplication significantly reduces the effect of scale on growth. It also shows that competitive R&D creates too much research
on easy innovations, and too little research on the difficult ones. Finally, the paper shows that risk sharing might increase
duplication and reduce growth. 相似文献