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911.
The aim of this paper is to critically reexamine Ludwig Mises’ attempt to separate the psychological aspects of understanding
(thymology) from the “science of action” (praxeology). There are, we contend, legitimate distinctions between theory, on the
one hand, and, on the other, psychology or history. But, there is no need to dichotomize them from one another in the way
Mises sometimes did. 相似文献
912.
We consider the problem of dividing a resource among a group of agents who have conflicting claims on it. We follow the axiomatic
approach and investigate the class of rules satisfying claims-inequality and claims-order preservation in gains and losses.
We show that these axioms single out the proportional rule when there are more than three agents. This result confirms the
central role of this rule and furthers our understanding of it in claims problems. 相似文献
913.
This paper considers the object allocation problem introduced by Shapley and Scarf (J Math Econ 1:23–37, 1974). We study secure
implementation (Saijo et al. in Theor Econ 2:203–229, 2007), that is, double implementation in dominant strategy and Nash
equilibria. We prove that (1) an individually rational solution is securely implementable if and only if it is the no-trade solution, (2) a neutral solution is securely implementable if and only if it is a serial dictatorship, and (3) an efficient solution is securely implementable if and only if it is a sequential dictatorship. Furthermore, we provide a complete characterization
of securely implementable solutions in the two-agent case: a solution is securely implementable if and only if it is either
a constant solution or a serial dictatorship. 相似文献
914.
We examine the properties of a two-country dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin model that allows for preferences to be non-homothetic.
We show that the model has a continuum of steady state equilibria under free trade, with the initial conditions determining
which equilibrium will be attained. We establish conditions under which a static Heckscher–Ohlin theorem will hold in the
steady state, and also conditions for a dynamic Heckscher–Ohlin theorem to hold. If both goods are normal, each country will
have a unique autarkic steady state, and all steady state equilibria are saddle points. We also consider the case in which
one good is inferior, and show that this can lead to multiple autarkic steady states, violations of the static Heckscher–Ohlin
theorem in the steady state. Furthermore, there may exist steady state equilibria that Pareto dominate other steady states.
These steady states will be unstable if discount factors are the same in each country, although they may exhibit dynamic indeterminacy
if discount factors differ. 相似文献
915.
Philip J. Reny 《Economic Theory》2011,48(1):17-29
An infinite game is approximated by restricting the players to finite subsets of their pure strategy spaces. A strategic approximationof an infinite game is a countable subset of pure strategies with the property that limits of all equilibria of all sequences
of approximating games whose finite strategy sets eventually include each member of the countable set must be equilibria of
the infinite game. We provide conditions under which infinite games admit strategic approximations. 相似文献
916.
We consider a pure exchange economy with a finite set of types of agents which have incomplete and asymmetric information
on the states of nature. Our aim was to describe the equilibrium price formation and analyze how the lack of information may
affect the allocation of resources. To do so, we adapt to an asymmetric information scenario a variant of the Shapley–Shubik
game introduced by Dubey and Geanakoplos (J Math Econ 39:391–400, 2003 ). 相似文献
917.
Jeong-Yoo Kim 《Journal of Economics》2011,104(3):265-280
The doctrine regarding unforeseeable damages in a contract was established in the well known case of Hadley vs. Baxendale. According to the judgement, a plaintiff cannot be compensated for unforeseeable damages in an incomplete contract unless
he informs the defendant of the possible unforeseen contingency beforehand. In this paper, I extend the argument to the tort
case in which it is hardly possible to communicate between a plaintiff and a defendant before an accident occurs. In the case
of the sequential bilateral accident in which the victim’s care level is observable to the injurer, the victim’s care level
can be a signal of the unforeseen contingency. I mainly discuss the implementability of the social optimum by the contributory
negligence with dual standard of care enabling the communication between the parties. 相似文献
918.
Abstract In this paper we propose a straightforward method to derive a non‐inflationary rate of capacity utilization (NIRCU) based on micro data. We condition the current capacity utilization of firms on their current and planned price adjustments. The non‐inflationary capacity utilization rate is then defined as the rate where a firm feels no price adjustment pressure. One of the main advantages is that this methodology uses structural aspects and does not make it necessary to operate with – often rather arbitrary – statistical filters. We show that our aggregate NIRCU performs remarkably well as an indicator of inflationary pressure in a Phillips curve estimation. 相似文献
919.
Robin Naidoo Greg Stuart-Hill L. Chris Weaver Jo Tagg Anna Davis Andee Davidson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(2):321-335
There exist few quantitative assessments of the relationship between biodiversity per se and economic benefits at scales that are relevant for conservation. Similarly, the merits of Community-Based Natural Resource
Management programs for both wildlife and people are contested. Here, we harness two databases, on wildlife surveys and financial
benefits, to address these issues for communal conservancies in northwest Namibia. We use ordination methods to characterize
the diversity and stability of large wildlife assemblages on conservancies, and demonstrate that diversity (but not stability)
is an important explanator of conservancy financial benefits. Our results indicate that for this area of Namibia, biodiversity,
as represented by large wildlife assemblages, has an important, positive effect on the tangible financial benefits that people
derive from conservation programs. 相似文献
920.
The marked increase in the availability of spatial data has forced researchers engaged in land use modeling to directly confront
the question of space and the theoretical and methodological challenges involved in developing spatial models. Advances have
come from multiple disciplines, most notably through the development and application of spatial theory and methods from regional
science, geography, urban economics and more recently, theoretical and applied econometrics. The main goal of this paper is
to summarize the econometric challenges of spatial data and to highlight spatial models and methods with a particular focus
on models of land markets and land use change. We also discuss the data and modeling challenges associated with modeling the
underlying spatial economic mechanisms that give rise to land use patterns and the complexities involved in modeling land
use as a coupled economic-ecological system. 相似文献