我国旅游景区门票合理定价策略研究

景区门票合理定价是旅游景区实现良性发展的前提条件.制定景区门票价格既应体现景区资源的客观价值,又要适应大众游客的支付意愿与能力,还需符合政府行政定价的规定.受旅游活动季节性和旅游资源价值属性等因素的影响,游客数量通常呈现出动态波动.针对上述情况,在对旅游景区的类型加以差别化分类和对游客的出游特征进行客观分析的基础上,提出较为科学的旅游景区门票定价策略以及在定价过程中应注意的问题.     

农业女性化下农村妇女生产参与及其生产意愿研究——安徽省调查实例

城镇化进程中农业劳动力性别再分配导致“男工女耕”成为当前农村家庭性别分工的主流.利用1982年至2010年全国人口普查、1％人口抽样数据,以及2014年至2015年安徽省调查数据和访谈资料,对农村妇女农业生产参与情况进行了探索.研究表明:安徽省农业劳动力性别结构已趋于女性化;从生产态度、生产准备、生产过程、生产结果来看,在男性缺席的情况下,由于农业生产方式变革、农忙期间男性回归、季节性雇佣农供给,农村妇女能够有效克服在实际生产中遭遇的性别障碍;农业女性化背景下农村妇女农业生产意愿不容乐观,Logistic回归显示个体特征、家庭状况、农业决策、生产条件、外部环境等因素综合影响着务农意愿.在农业劳动力性别结构调整过程中,如何避免农业生产态度消极化,提升农业生产积极性,推进农业可持续发展是值得思考的问题.     

Economic freedom and IPO underpricing

This paper examines how the difference in institutional environments constitutes differential IPO underpricing across countries. Using the Heritage Foundation’s Index of Economic Freedom (IEF) as a proxy for the heterogeneous institutional environment, and a sample of 3728 IPOs from 22 countries and regions over the period 1993–2014, we find that countries with higher economic freedom have significantly less serious IPO underpricing problems. Moreover, we find that among the 10 economic freedom factors covered by theIEF, financial freedom related factors play a more important role in reducing the IPO underpricing problem. Finally, consistent with the market sentiment hypothesis, we find strong evidence that pre-IPO market sentiment influences IPO first-day returns, and that the IPO underpricing problem is less severe when the market is bearish.     

Intertemporal pricing strategies for fashion tech products with consumption externalities

With the rapid development of technology, more and more products tend to both meet customers’ functional needs and provide stylish consumption experiences at thesame time. We define them as “fashion tech” products. In practice there exist two opposite consumption externalities associated with “fashion tech” products. One, some customers are more likely to purchase the product if fewer customers can afford or have access to it to advertise their prosperity or good taste. In contrast, other customers’ utility increases with the rising number of other customers. Thus the firm needs to consider such consumption externalities in their pricing decisions in order to appropriately position products and maximize profits. In such contexts, this paper optimizes intertemporal pricing strategies for fashion tech products selling to strategic customers with two kinds of externalities. We find that a markdown strategy is always optimal. In addition, it is appropriate for the firm to use slight markdowns when both the fraction of snobs and probability of stockout are small or use sharp markdowns otherwise.     

杠杆化与系统性风险的监管反思

企业、居民、金融机构和中央银行的经济行为改变着自身的资产负债情况,主动或被动地影响着彼此的杠杆程度。金融体系过度杠杆具有增加脆弱性、放大复杂性、顺周期等特点,直接引致系统性风险增加。与此同时,由于企业、居民、金融机构和中央银行的资产负债表相互关联,金融体系杠杆程度加深,意味着与之相联的经济部门关联度扩大,内在依赖性增强,从而进一步放大系统性风险。危机爆发后,为帮助降低金融机构杠杆程度,美联储运用多种创新工具,快速膨胀了自身资产负债规模,前所未有地增加了自身杠杆程度,形成新的系统性风险隐患。有鉴于此,我们应协调宏观经济政策和宏观审慎监管政策,引导虚拟经济与实体经济相互平衡,确保各经济部门负债和杠杆水平维持在健康、合理的区间。     

中国农产品出口哈萨克斯坦的结构与比较优势分析

近年来,中国农产品出口哈萨克斯坦贸易额呈稳步增长趋势,但贸易关系仍需进一步加强.本文系统分析了中国农产品出口哈萨克斯坦的产品结构、市场份额结构的变化,反映出哈萨克斯坦进口结构的变化以及中国农产品在其市场上的地位.此外,通过R C A、R T A的产品比较优势分析,发现中国大部分农产品具有比较优势.最后对比分析出口结构和比较优势产品后提出,针对哈萨克斯坦市场需求结构的变动,应进一步突出中国农产品的比较优势,并将潜在的比较优势转化为现实的竞争优势,是扩大中国农产品出口哈萨克斯坦市场的重要途径.     

试论我国出境旅游管理体制改革问题

现行的出境旅游经营服务和管理,在保证旅游及其服务质量和旅游者的合法权益、贯彻国家旅游发展方针等方面均存在着明显的不足,其主要原因就是没有建立统一的出境旅游体系,现行各条渠道、各个体系独立运作,彼此职责划分和相互协调都不太好。因此,必须通过制订法规,尽快建立统一的居民因私出境旅游管理体系,以从根本上解决现存的主要问题,保证居民出境旅游的适度、健康发展。     

农村建设用地整治潜力规模与空间格局协同模拟研究 ——以湖北省宜城市为例

研究目的:提出一种农村建设用地整治潜力规模与空间格局协同预测模拟模型,为国土空间规划和全域土地综合整治提供更加准确的决策依据。研究方法:首先对社会经济宏观因素影响下的区域农村建设用地整治潜力规模进行分析,进而利用土地利用时空建模方法对农村建设用地图斑的整治概率进行预测,实现潜力规模约束下的整治潜力空间格局模拟,并以湖北省宜城市为案例区对模型的性能进行验证。研究结果:(1)宜城市2021—2035年农村建设用地整治的理论和现实潜力规模分别为4912.46 hm²和2201.94 hm²;(2)模型对宜城市农村建设用地图斑的整治潜力格局模拟准确率为81.58%,召回率为0.9879。研究结论:模型实现了对农村建设用地整治潜力规模与空间格局的协同预测与模拟,能为国土空间规划和全域土地综合整治等专项规划提供更加精细的决策依据。     

水利风景区PPP项目政府与社会资本方利益协调行为策略研究

为促进水利风景区PPP项目中政府与社会资本方之间的利益协调,保障项目顺利建设运营,研究双方之间利益协调行为策略,并在博弈分析中同时考虑政府的宏观管理者和项目微观参与主体双重身份。采用静态博弈探寻政府和社会资本方的纳什均衡,构建演化博弈模型动态分析双方的行为策略并对该博弈过程进行仿真。仿真结果表明:在政府采取“不积极”策略所承担的风险成本大于“积极”策略所付出的项目建设运行成本、社会资本方采取“投机”策略所承担的风险成本大于“努力”策略所付出的项目建设运行成本的情况下,“积极、努力”在静态博弈和动态博弈中均为均衡策略;否则,要实现“积极、努力”的均衡策略,需满足政府获得的社会生态效益远大于支出的可行性缺口补贴,且社会资本方获得的品牌效应、社会影响力、政府奖励等附加收益和可行性缺口补贴之和远多于转投向其他经营领域所获得的收益。提出了完善水利风景区PPP项目收益分配、风险分担及政策保障机制,建立政府和社会资本方沟通机制,加强对水利风景区PPP项目的监管力度等对策。     

Rationale and Motivation of Agricultural Producers in Adopting Crop Rotation in the Northern Great Plains,USA

Despite several environmental and economic benefits of crop rotation, the adoption of this agricultural practice is relatively low. Understanding the reasons for low adoption is important from a sustainability policy perspective. This study explores the motivation, challenges, and sources of information of agricultural producers who participate in crop rotation practices in South Dakota, North Dakota, and Nebraska. The findings of a mail survey of 672 producers in these three states show that producers are familiar with the crop rotation practice. Economic profitability is found to drive motivation for crop rotation adoption. The results of a binary logistic regression model show that a producer who perceives that crop rotation is beneficial to farm profitability is 1.83 times more likely to adopt it than the producer who does not believe in its profitability to the farm. The lack of time or resources is the primary barrier to the adoption of crop rotation practice. This study provides additional evidence in support of the importance of farm profitability for the adoption of the practice of crop rotation. Understanding the rationale and addressing the challenges faced by agricultural producers would be useful in planning and policy making of sustainable agriculture.