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21.
极大环面子群在李群结构及其表示理论中都是十分重要的。每个连通紧李群具有极大环面子群,任二极大环面子群彼此共轭,且连通紧李群中每个元素共轭于极大环面的一个元素。用对称空间的有关知识给出了极大子环群定理的详细证明。 相似文献
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This paper analyzes the issue costs and initial pricing of bonds in the international market. In particular, we investigate the determinants of three components of issue costs: underwriter fee, underwriter spread (the difference between the offering price and the guaranteed price to the issuer), and underpricing (the difference between the market price and the offering price). Total underwriter compensation increases with the bonds' credit risk and maturity, but it is insignificantly related to issue size. Interestingly, underwriters appear to price some issue characteristics directly (by adjusting the fee) and other characteristics indirectly (by setting the guaranteed price). The two compensation components (fee and spread) are negatively related to each other. We provide evidence that this trade-off is consistent with income tax considerations, as well as with two-tier pricing by underwriters. We find no evidence of underpricing. 相似文献
24.
In rational, efficiently functioning and complete markets, returns on derivative and underlying securities should be perfectly contemporaneously correlated. Due to market imperfections, one of these markets may reflect information faster. The use of high-frequency data and the choice for a small unit time interval to measure these lead-lag relations comes at the cost of some or many missing observations, causing traditional estimators to either under- or overestimate covariances and correlations. We use a new estimator to estimate lead-lag relationships between the cash AEX index, options and futures. We find that futures returns lead both options and cash index returns by approximately 10 minutes. The relationship between options and the cash market is not completely unidirectional. 相似文献
25.
Programme Evaluation with Unobserved Heterogeneity and Selective Implementation: The Mexican PROGRESA Impact on Child Nutrition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper considers the impact of Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación ( PROGRESA ), a large Mexican rural anti-poverty programme that had an evaluation sample in which overall treatment was randomly assigned to some communities but not others, on child nutrition. When we examine the impact of PROGRESA based on the presumption of randomized allocations, we find that PROGRESA had no or even a negative impact on child nutrition. However, not all children designated to receive nutritional supplements actually did so. Our preferred estimates – child fixed-effects estimates that control for unobserved heterogeneity that is correlated with access to the supplement – indicate a significantly positive and fairly substantial programme effect of the nutritional supplements on children 12–36 months. They imply an increase of about a sixth in mean growth per year for these children and a lower probability of stunting. Effects are somewhat larger for children from poorer communities but whose mothers are functionally literate. The long-term consequences of these improvements are non-trivial; its impact working through adult height alone could result in a 2.9% increase in lifetime earnings. 相似文献
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Theory suggests that a close match between revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels benefits allocative efficiency, and hence economic growth. That is, a convergence of revenue and expenditure assignments at sub-national levels of government should, according to the theory, be positively associated with a higher growth rate. In the case of China, this paper shows, divergence, rather than convergence, in revenue and expenditures at the sub-national level of government is associated with higher rates of growth. A panel dataset for 30 provinces in China is used to examine the relationship between fiscal decentralization and economic growth over two phases of fiscal decentralization in China: (1) 1979–1993 under the fiscal contract system, and (2) 1994–1999 under the tax assignment system. The seeming contradiction between the theory and evidence in the China case is reconciled by taking into account the institutional arrangements that prevailed during the two phases of fiscal decentralization, in particular the inconsistency between the assumptions of the theory of fiscal decentralization and the institutional reality of China. 相似文献
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我国保险条款晦涩难懂的问题已经在很大程度上制约了我国保险业的健康发展,本文详细剖析了我国保险条款在文字、内容、形式等方面存在的问题,并从我国实际情况出发,指出了当前我国进行保险条款通俗化的迫切性,提出了我国保险条款通俗化的思路构想. 相似文献
29.
该文通过统计数据和案例分析认为跨国垄断已经在中国发生,并指出存在着两种不同类型的跨国垄断,即跨国企业整体垄断某个行业和单个跨国企业垄断整个行业;进而分析了两种不同形态的垄断对经济造成的不良影响。最后,探讨了如何防范和规制跨国垄断,认为防范跨国垄断要从多方面着手,除了最重要的竞争政策手段以外,还必须在反垄断法中加强对跨国垄断的规制。 相似文献
30.
广西农村居民消费结构数量分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李静 《广西财政高等专科学校学报》2005,18(4):43-46,60
在对居民消费结构进行定量研究中,扩展线性支出系统模型被广泛采用.运用扩展线性支出系统模型对广西农村居民的消费结构进行数量分析表明:广西农村居民的恩格尔系数呈现明显下降态势,广西农村居民总的边际消费倾向为0.625,广西农村居民各项需求的收入弹性均为正值,说明随着收入水平的提高,需求量随之增加.总之,目前广西农村居民消费水平低下,消费结构不合理. 相似文献