Evaluating the Relative Impact of Fiscal Incentives and Trade Policies on the Returns to Manufacturing in Taiwan, 1955–1995*

In the present paper, an integrated cash flow model is developed to examine the relative impact of tax incentives, financial subsidies, and macroeconomic variables on the profitability of industrial investments. It allows for the variables in the model to interact with each other. An application of the model is carried out for Taiwan, which has implemented a variety of fiscal incentives over the past 40 years. The principal policy conclusion is that trade and macroeconomic policies are much more important than income tax incentives or subsidized finance policies in determining the success of Taiwan's industrialization process. The effects of all of the fiscal incentives are found to be much smaller than those of the trade policies or the fundamental trends in macroeconomic variables such as the movement of the real exchange rate and the real wage rate.     

资源型城市构建和谐社会探析

我国许多城市属于资源型城市，以不可再生资源为基础的资源型产业在城市经济中占主导地位。当前，随着资源的枯竭，这些城市面临着许多经济和社会问题。对于这些衰退的资源型城市构建和谐社会就显得尤为重要。本文经过分析指出资源型城市构建和谐社会的根本在于可持续发展，并提出了相应的对策建议。     

The Effects of Trade Liberalization between Heterogeneous Countries on Endogenous Mergers

This paper examines the effects of trade liberalization on merger behavior. We endogenize merger choice among owners in an oligopolistic industry in asymmetric countries to analyze the consequences of trade cost reductions on competitiveness and welfare. In this context, the non‐cooperative game supports asymmetric market structures. We also find that trade liberalization is not necessarily pro‐competitive in countries with the competitive advantage, even if trade costs are completely abolished. Moreover, the tariff‐jumping explanation of international mergers does not necessarily apply. The welfare analysis shows that merger behavior can significantly alter any gains from liberalization. Countries should consider enforcing competition in regional agreements. Specifically, to avoid a reduction in domestic welfare following trade‐liberalizing reductions in trade costs, a high‐cost country's optimal policy may be to ban international mergers.     

高等院校多校区办学存在的问题与对策

高等院校实行多校区办学,是随着高等教育规模扩大和管理体制改革而形成的一种新生事物,也是当前高校跨越式发展的重要途径之一。然而,多校区办学不仅给高校带来了广阔的发展前景,同时也伴随教学成本提高、教学资源浪费、校园文化缺失和割裂等问题。这一系列问题成为高等教育理论研究者和管理实践者面临的新挑战。为化解多校区办学中的问题和矛盾、规避多校区办学的风险,应该从寻求政府支持、合理定位校区功能、积极拓宽融资渠道、做好资源整合等几个方面作出努力,力求建立一套科学、有效的高校管理体制与运行机制。     

对推进我国银行业对内开放的思考

银行业对内开放有利于完善我国金融体系，有利于推动国有商业银行的改革进程，有利于中小企业摆脱融资困境。要推进我国银行业的对内开放，就要采取改造和新建并举的发展策略．积极发展一大批中小民营银行。     

人大对地方政府财政预算监督问题的探讨

预算是财政的核心。要构建社会主义和谐社会,必需编制和执行一个和谐的财政预算。对政府的财政预算进行监督,是宪法赋予人大的职权。引起人大对地方政府财政预算监督不力的原因是多方面的,但关键是由于民主程度不高,使人大对地方政府财政预算监督的权威性不强,监督的作用发挥不够。加强人大对地方政府财政预算的监督,关键是要推进政治体制改革,改革人大代表的选举制度和真正实行党政领导干部选举罢免制度。     

我国物流园区布局规划研究

重点研究了物流园区的数量确定和宏观空间布局规划方法,在物流园区的数量和选址方法研究中,分别建立了单个及多个物流园区的选址模型,并且对模型进行算法的实证研究,最后提出相关建议.     

Who buys newspapers in Spain? An analysis of the determinants of the probability to buy newspapers and of the amount spent

In this paper, we examine the determinants of household consumption of newspapers and the amount spent on their purchase by considering several explanatory variables related to household characteristics and the main household wage earner. Results show that the variables have quite similar effects on both the relative probability of buying newspapers and the amount spent. The key variables are the age and occupational status of the main wage earner, the number of household members, income and having to pay for the house, as well as a number of geographical variables. However, certain differences are also observed. The most important is the education of the main wage earner: while its effect on buying newspapers is very small (only those who did not complete primary education are less likely to buy), its effect on the amount spent increases with the level of education. As other studies of cultural goods and services consumption have suggested, education and occupational status are more relevant determinants than income.     

When Does Everyone Contribute in the Private Provision of Local Public Goods?

When does everyone genuinely contribute in the private provision of a local public good? We first introduce a monotonic condition to characterize the relationship between the structure of the network that underlie the noncooperative game of private provision of local public goods on the one hand, and the preferences of the agents on the other, showing that the monotonic condition is a sufficient and necessary condition of existence of a distributed Nash equilibrium (DNE) in which each agent exerts a positive amount of effort to provision of the public good (Theorem 1). We then study the number of equilibria, and, by using the monotonic condition, characterize the condition under which the DNE set is a singleton, a continuum, or null (Theorem 2). As it turns out, the structure of the network and the agents’ preferences jointly shape the effort profile in the provision of local public goods.     

Political and Institutional Factors in Regime Changes in the ERM: An Application of Duration Analysis

This paper analyses the functioning of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). To that end, we apply duration models to estimate an augmented target‐zone model, explicitly incorporating political and institutional factors into the explanation of European exchange rate policies. The estimations are based on quarterly data of eight currencies participating in the ERM, covering the complete history of the European Monetary System. Our results suggest that both economic and political factors are important determinants of ERM currency policies. Concerning economic factors, the money supply, the real exchange rate, the interest rate in Germany and the central parity deviation would have negatively affected the duration of a given central parity, while credibility and the price level in Germany would have positively influenced such duration. Regarding political variables, elections, central bank independence and left‐wing administrations would have increased the probability of maintaining the current regime, while unstable governments would have been associated with more frequent regime changes. Moreover, we show how the political augmented model outperforms the model which just incorporates pure economic determinants, both in terms of explanatory power and goodness of fit.