Vacaciones y licencias en países desarrollados: los Estados Unidos a la zaga en cuanto a equilibrio entre vida profesional y vida familiar

Los autores comparan las normativas sobre vacaciones y licencias susceptibles de facilitar el equilibrio entre vida profesional y familiar de Australia, Canadá, República de Corea, Estados Unidos, Europa occidental y Japón utilizando un índice compuesto para clasificarlas. Los Estados Unidos figuran en último lugar: la concesión de vacaciones anuales al trabajador no es obligatoria y las licencias por motivos familiares se limitan a 12 semanas al año. Este bajo nivel de reglamentación podría deberse, según los autores, a una concepción mercantilista del empleo sumada a la creencia de que empleador y trabajadores tienen idéntica capacidad de negociación, visión no compartida por las demás democracias industrializadas.     

Real Asset Valuation under Imperfect Competition: Can We Forget About Market Fundamentals?

Real assets are usually valued by computing the stream of profits they can bring to a price‐taking firm in a liquid market. This method ignores market fundamentals by assuming that all the relevant information is included in the spot price. Our article analyses the bias resulting from such an approach when the market is imperfectly competitive. We propose a stylised two‐period model of the natural gas market with no uncertainty, focusing on strategic interactions between two types of oligopolistic players—pure traders and suppliers with downstream customers—who have access to storage. We show that the true value of storage capacity is not the same for traders and for suppliers. Comparing the latter value with the traditional price‐taking valuation reveals a systematic bias that tends to induce underinvestment.     

Liberty and the Post‐utilitarian Society

Utilitarian foundations for limited government are shaky insofar as they assume rational and consistent individuals. Recently economists’ assumption of rational actors has come under sustained attack. Behavioural economics has suggested that people are plagued by irrational biases and inconsistencies. These developments have led to a post‐utilitarianism which is held to justify paternalistic interventions by the state via ‘sin taxes’, direct bans or new obligations. Individual responsibility is seriously undermined, as is faith in markets. Supporters of individual freedom need to move away from utilitarian reasoning, reassert core values of autonomy and responsibility, and define strict limits on the scope of government intervention.     

Individual efficiency and club performance: a panel analysis of professional baseball

This paper investigates whether players' individual‐ and club‐level efficiency has substantial impact on club performance in the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL). Using data from 1990 to 2000, and a stochastic frontier model, we propose a different way to measure club‐level efficiency. Our empirical results indicate that club‐level efficiency is crucial to club performance, measured by the winning percentage. Although the literature shows that some inefficient clubs with abundant resources are still very successful on the diamond, our results confirm that club‐level efficiency has a moderate impact on the success of a baseball club in the CPBL. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Do Institutionalized Traditions Matter During Crisis? Employee Downsizing in Korean Manufacturing Organizations

This study examines the downfall of the permanent employment tradition in South Korean manufacturing organizations in the aftermath of the 1997 East Asian economic crisis. We explore whether organizations abandon their traditional institutionalized practices under discontinuous environmental change or despite the change continue these time‐honoured practices. We examine both the organizational factors that inhibit lay‐offs and performance indicators that trigger organizations to re‐evaluate their lifetime employment practices under drastic environmental upheaval. We test our hypotheses on 574 Korean manufacturing organizations and find that under discontinuous change: (1) economic and institutional factors simultaneously apply opposite forces on organizational actions; (2) organizational factors such as poor performance on productivity and export create a need for headcount reductions while factors such as size, domestic ownership, government support, and unionization create social and institutional pressures that inhibit downsizing; and (3) prior experience with downsizing moderates the relationship between institutional factors and further downsizing.     

铜模浇铸阳极铜脱模剂的应用

介绍了阳极铜浇铸工艺中硫酸钡脱模剂的使用现状,在此基础上研究了粒度、添加物以及水分对脱模剂使用的影响,通过生产实验得到了脱模剂的优化条件:添加10%B2O3、40%Si O2、5%Al2O3、5%Ca O,添加物粒度150-200在目的范围,铜模预热温度200℃-220℃;提出了一种改善脱模剂使用效果的研究路线。     

湖北省汽车物流产业路线图研究

汽车物流产业是物流产业的一个重要组成部分。文章提出运用灰色系统理论,对湖北省汽车产业和物流产业进行关联性分析,证明发展汽车物流产业的必要性。运用遗传灰色神经网络模型,提出湖北省未来汽车物流需求。最后,运用技术路线图,绘制了湖北省10年后的汽车物流产业路线图。     

基于人工免疫算法的多无人机分布式任务分配方法

对多无人机任务分配问题进行了研究,在重量和路径负载均衡的基础上建立了带有攻击顺序的01决策变量的模型,运用分布式的人工免疫算法对该模型进行仿真实验,最终得到每个无人机攻击的目标顺序以及目标函数值,实验证明该方法在得到不劣于遗传算法结果的同时,提高了寻找最优解的收敛速度。     

“边缘化”与“游牧性”:扬州拖砖人社区的社会空间研究

基于社会空间统一辩证的视角,选取了扬州城北拖砖人为实证对象进行特定流动人口社区的社会空间研究。通过问卷、访谈、参与式观察等方法,从群体和个体两个层面对其工作生活的物质空间、社会空间进行了深描,展现了当前城市制度下,以拖砖人为代表的非正规性零散就业人口的生活状态和对未来生活的真实期许。研究发现,拖砖人空间在城市拆迁的挤压下如同游牧人一样"逐水草而居",实体空间的变动影响了他们社会空间在地化的表达。其社会空间分布总体上呈现出"边缘化"和"游牧性"的特点:居住空间多囿于城乡结合地带;在城市中的生活空间多局限于一些最基本的设施;社会网络呈现出一种有增长无发展的内卷化。这三个层次相互离散,被动地依附于城市主流社会空间,游牧在城市的边缘。