Budgeting—the Role of Trust and Participation: A Research Note

Prior studies have found a combination of an evaluative style with high budget emphasis and high participation to be associated with better behavioural outcomes (e.g., lower job-related tension) than all other combinations of budget emphasis and participation. Yet there has been little research to investigate the theory on why this particular combination of budget emphasis and participation is associated with better behavioural outcomes. A path analytical model, which investigates the intervening effects of trust and participation on the relationship between budget emphasis and job-related tension, was used. Senior Norwegian managers were selected as subjects for this study. The results indicate that budget emphasis has an insignificant direct effect on job-related tension but a strong indirect effect through trust and participation. Trust also has an intervening effect on the relationship between budgetary participation and job-related tension. It is therefore possible to conclude that high budget emphasis is associated with high budgetary participation and high trust. High trust, in turn, is associated with reduced subordinates' job-related tension.     

中介语理论研究概览

对第二语言或外语学习者所使用的中介语进行了比较全面的论述.探讨了中介语概念的界定,中介语的特点,中介语系统的形成及发展阶段,并总结了中介语理论的研究对外语学习理论和外语教学的指导意义.     

经济增长、模型再造与中国经济增长方式的转变

经济增长理论是社会经济发展的一种理论反映,源于斯密和李嘉图为代表的古典经济学派,是二战后在发达国家广泛流行的经济理论,大体经历了三个发展阶段.现代经济增长理论及模型的建立强调科学技术进步、人力资本积累对经济增长的促进作用.但是,发达国家经济学家自身存在的认识论缺陷使其不可能科学完整的建立经济增长理论及模型,因此必须遵循马克思的方法论从理论为实际的反映入手建立科学模型,并以此指导中国社会经济技术实践,特别是经济增长方式的转变实践.     

过程噪声对融合航迹性能的影响

本文研究动态系统过程噪声对航迹统计距离和状态融合估计性能的影响。由过程噪声产生的航迹互协方差矩阵的运算量较大，甚至占到航迹融合总运算量的一半，所以在实现系统时应尽量避免互协方差矩阵的在线计算。文中估计并比较了互协方差矩阵、统计距离及状态融合估计的运算量，仿真研究了观测噪声对航迹统计距离和状态融合估计性能的影响。仿真结果表明在过程噪声较小而对融合航迹性能的影响有限时，可考虑忽略过程噪声的影响，这样将大大降低运算量，反之则不能忽略。     

论生产要素按贡献参与分配

为了进一步搞活经济,我国允许各生产要素按贡献参与分配,其目的是:"放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竟相迸发,让一切创造财富的源泉充分涌流。"但在实际分配中却出现了一些误区,使要素所得与"贡献"脱钩,造成分配秩序的混乱。为此,政府必须健全对不同经济成份实体的分配调控机制,使各类人员的所得与岗位贡献紧密联系起来,建立公平、效益的分配机制。     

论商业秘密的国际保护

伴随着Trips等一系列国际公约的订立,商业秘密的国际保护趋势愈加明显,但由于各国国内商业秘密立法与国际公约标准的差异,商业秘密保护的国际趋势中面临着众多问题.中国的商业秘密立法需要注意与国际标准接轨,并在立足国情的基础上进行一系列的革新.     

浅谈外资并购中外商投资的新趋向

本文从国家的产业政策,全球并购的产业趋势,以及外资在国内投资的特征,分析了外资并购中外商投资的新趋向.     

中国传统图形中的意象美及在现代艺术中的传承

信息时代的当今世界，各种文化相互影响、日益融合，传统文化和现代文化的碰撞和互融，使人们对现实有了更清醒的认识。中国传统美学博大精深，“意象”美贯穿了中国传统美学的始终，对中国传统图形的影响更是明显。在对中国传统图形中的“意象”美及其在现代标志设计中的传承作一探讨。     

The simple analytics of optimal growth with illegal migrants: A clarification

This paper reexamines the welfare effects of illegal immigration studied by Hazari and Sgro [The simple analytics of optimal growth with illegal migrants. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 28(1) 141–151]. In contrast to their negative conclusion, we obtain ambiguous welfare prediction which is due to the presence of two opposing effects at work: a positive exploitation effect and a negative intertemporal effect. With Cobb–Douglas production technology, we show that per capita domestic consumption rises in the presence of illegal migration.     

The state in science, technology and innovation districts: Conceptual models for China

Throughout the world the creation of successful technology districts has become a major issue for public policy makers. This paper analyses the potential role of the state in entrepreneurship and the creation of technology districts, and outlines implications for China's social market economy. We identify three types of technology districts: (1) market-driven technology districts such as Silicon Valley in the USA and Cambridge in the UK; (2) state-driven technology districts targeting foreign multinational companies, such as Sophia Antipolis in France and Singapore; (3) state-driven technology districts which nurture local companies, such as the Hsinchu Science and Industrial Park in Taiwan. We believe that these three typologies provide the foundation for better understanding the potential role of the state in science and technology for China in the early 21st century.