国际服务贸易壁垒的形成及其消除

战后服务贸易的发展十分迅速。到80年代中期,全球服务贸易出口额大约相当于全球货物出口额的1/50。1990年全球服务贸易额已达7000亿美元,占货物贸易的1/4。然而,国际服务贸易的自由化进程十分缓慢,而且长期游离于国际多边协定的框架之外,缺乏针对性的国际管理的约束机制。目前国际服务贸易壁垒依然重重叠叠,广泛分布于各类服务行业之中,如金融、运输、通信和数据处理、零售和批发、管理及咨询等部门;     

Licensing Innovations with Exclusive Contracts

We analyze licensing contracts specifying an exclusive territory clause and a fixed fee as a form of payment. While commonly observed, the effects of such licensing contracts have not been investigated in the licensing literature. We find that they can generate revenues for an innovator equal to those that would be obtained by a monopolist using the cost-reducing innovation that is being licensed. This result, however, depends on three factors: The size of the market relative to the pre-innovation marginal cost, the quality of the innovation, and the degree of substitutability between the goods being produced in the market.      

The Influence of Nationality and Gender on Ethical Sensitivity: An Application of the Issue-Contingent Model

When a member of an organization has to make a decision or act in a way that may benefit some stakeholders at the expense of others, ethical dilemmas may arise. This paper examines ethical sensitivity regarding the duties to clients and owners (principals), employees (agents), and responsibilities to society (third parties). Within this framework, ethical perceptions of male and female managers are compared between the U.S. and Turkey – two countries that differ on power distance as well as the individualism/collectivism dimensions. Our results show that ethical sensitivity varies depending upon whether the interests of principals, agents, or third parties are affected by a given ethical dilemma. We also find that, contingent upon the principal-agent–society relationships, the nationality and gender of the decision-maker influences ethical sensitivity. Can Simga-Mugan is a Professor of Accountancy at Department of Business Administration of Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey. She received her Ph.D. in accountancy from University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign. Her current research interests are ethics, international financial reporting issues, manipulation in the stock market and effect of news on the stock market. Bonita A. Daly, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Accounting in the School of Business, University of Southern Maine in Portland, Maine. She teaches auditing and financial accounting to both undergraduate and graduate students. Dr. Daly also teaches business ethics in continuing education programs for practicing accountants. Her research on the accounting profession has appeared in Critical Prespectives on Accounting, Accounting, Organizations, and Society, and the St. Johns Law Review, among others. Dilek Onkal is a Professor of Decision Sciences and is currently the Acting Dean of the Faculty of Business Administration at Bilkent University, Turkey. She received a Ph.D. in Decision Sciences from the University of Minnesota, and is doing research on ethics judgements, risk perception, risk communication, and judgmental forecasting. Lerzan Kavut is an Associate Professor at Faculty of Business Administration of Istanbul University. She has received her B.A. and Ph.D. from Istanbul University. Her current research interest is in the area of behavioral auditing.     

Price Tests to Define Markets: An Application to Wholesale Gasoline in Canda

The concept of relevant markets is fundamental to antitrust analysis, particularly to those relating to mergers. However, defining relevant markets is sometimes difficult ot operationalize. This has triggered a substantial literature in which price tests have been used to define both economic and antitrust markets. This paper reviews some price tests and applies them in order to define relevant geographic markets in wholesale gasoline in Canada. We find that relevant geographic markets can be larger than cities but smaller than East and West Canada.JEL classification: L490, L810The views expressed here are solely thoseof the authors and are not purpoted to be those of the Commissioner of Competition, the Competition Bureau, or Finance Canada.     

有限元分析软件Marc及在橡胶材料分析中的应用

介绍了 Marc软件的组成和工作特点 ,详细介绍了其非线性分析功能在处理几何非线性、边界条件非线性、材料非线性等问题时所采用的分析模型和处理方法 ,重点阐述了进行橡胶材料分析时所采用的材料模型、分析方法和分析实例。该软件可以广泛用于橡胶元件设计的仿真预测和结构优化 ,是进行橡胶材料行为分析研究的一种有效手段     

知识密集型企业内部知识共享模型研究

根据知识密集型企业内部知识的本体特征,分别从业务流程、人力资源培训、非正式学习三个维度对知识共享进行了研究,论述了企业在各个维度的知识共享实践活动及其障碍、过程、意义,最终提出了知识密集型企业内部知识共享模型。     

KUKA-KR210-2机器人运动学及奇异性分析

为实现KUKA-KR210-2机器人的复杂运动控制,完成机器人末端的精准定位,对机器人进行运动学分析及奇异性分析。首先,依据KUKA-KR210-2机器人连杆参数及结构特征,采用标准D[KG-*8] -H参数法建立与厂家一致的机器人坐标系,求解机器人的正运动学;其次,根据机器人满足Pieper准则的特点,采用分离变量法求解机器人的逆运动学;然后,采用微分变换法分析机器人的奇异性;最后,使用MATLAB软件编写运动学求解程序并进行奇异性仿真,将求解结果与KUKA-KR210-2机器人示教盒数据进行对比、验证。结果表明：求解的机器人运动学数据与示教盒数据基本一致,误差在1 mm以内,运动学分析正确;奇异性分析结果符合机器人的结构特征。研究结果可以为KUKA-KR210-2机器人高级运动控制提供技术支持,也可为同类型工业机器人的运动分析及控制研究提供参考。     

Overcoming liabilities of origin: Human resource management localization of Chinese multinational corporations in developed markets

Despite the rapid growth of Chinese outward foreign direct investment in developed markets, many Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) suffer from liabilities of origin (LOR)—capability‐ and legitimacy‐based disadvantages associated with the country of origin. This study identifies localization as a strategic mechanism through which Chinese MNCs overcome their LOR. With a specific focus on human resource management (HRM), we examine how factors associated with firms' perceived LOR, including springboard intent, local competition, and host country regulatory pressures, affect Chinese MNCs' adoption of local HRM practices in developed markets. We differentiate HRM practices that managers intend to adopt from those that are actually implemented and explore how state ownership affects the intention–implementation gap. Based on a sample of Chinese MNCs in the United States, we find that springboard intent, local competition, and host country regulatory pressures are positively associated with intended, but not implemented, HRM localization. Further examination demonstrates that springboard intent and local competition have significant effects on implemented HRM localization among private businesses but not in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). The managerial constraints and resource endowment of Chinese SOEs may hinder their overseas subsidiaries from implementing local HRM practices to address LOR.     

上海股票市场收益率与成交量因果关系研究

线性因果关系检验结果表明,在股市得到快速发展和市场交易制度改善后,我国股市量价因果关系阶段性异质特征明显,我国股票市场量价关系从因果关系不显著发展为具有双向因果关系.同时,非线性因果关系检验也得到类似的结论,不同之处在于在取消涨跌停板制度后的第二阶段,虽然不存在交易量对收益的线性因果关系,但存在非线性格兰杰因果关系.所有检验结果表明我国股市在交易制度转变后,市场结构也同时发生了根本变化.     

建筑物基础沉降性状分析与研究

根据实验结果分析了地基变形模量随深度的变化以及基础沉降与基础尺寸的相关性，结合对建筑物长期沉降观测结果的整理与计算分析，得出了可供场地条件相近的建筑物沉降控制设计之用的参考依据。