退耕还林工程对农户生产要素投入与收入的影响——基于长期连续跟踪大样本农户数据

利用6省区、15县市、2707个样本农户1995—2016年连续跟踪调研数据,在充分考虑相关政策和市场因素等动态变化的基础上,定量估计退耕还林工程对农户生产要素投入的影响,采用递归方程模型估计了退耕还林工程对农户收入的直接影响(退耕还林补助与放弃的退耕地种植业收益之差)和间接影响(退耕还林工程引起生产要素配置调整带来的收入变化)。结果表明:第一,农户参与退耕还林使其耕地经营面积减少25.06%,林地经营面积增加57.88%,以土地为基础的生产费用减少11.41%,非农劳动力投入增加9.99%;退耕还林工程对样本农户以土地为基础的劳动力投入和种植业集约经营未产生显著影响。第二,退耕还林工程直接增加了样本农户3.73%的以土地为基础的收入,间接增加了8.57%的以土地为基础的收入和7.85%的非农收入。第三,相对于黄河流域,退耕还林工程对长江流域样本农户收入的直接影响较大,但间接影响较小。在退耕还林工程后续政策设计中,需充分重视退耕还林工程对农户生产要素投入和收入的影响及其路径,强化因地制宜的理念。     

印度森林资源管理与消除贫困考察报告

对印度森林资源管理、林产品贸易及加工、联合森林经营和消除贫困等情况进行了考察。联合森林经营是印度最重要的社会林业形式,对于恢复退化林地、增加当地居民收入、消除贫困、保障林产品需求等有较大贡献;印度政府将反贫困作为重要目标之一,制定有不同阶段的具体措施,并积极依靠民间科技力量扶贫,成效显著。印度森林资源管理及消除贫困的经验值得我国借鉴。     

林业对相关国民经济部门的贡献研究

林业不仅为国民经济建设提供重要的物质基础,还提供重要的生态产品和服务。通过林业对农业、畜牧业、渔业、旅游业、中医药业、水利水电业、固碳制氧等方面贡献的分析,以及通过从森林资源核算分析林业对国民经济的贡献,提出建立多渠道森林生态补偿机制,实现森林可持续经营。     

Anatomy of competitive advantage: towards a contingency theory of entrepreneurial marketing

Entrepreneurial marketing (EM), born out of the practice of firms operating in conditions of uncertainty, is emerging as a powerful alternative to cope with the decreasing effectiveness associated with traditional marketing. In this article, the authors provide their collective position regarding the field of EM. A brief history and conceptual background of EM is presented and the contextual differences that have shaped its evolution are considered. Distinctions between traditional and EM are derived based on discussions of the concepts of size, speed, market, opportunity, risk, and uncertainty. The perspective of value co-creation in uncertainty is used to develop a contingency framework to serve as the foundation towards a general theory of EM. Operand and operant resources and environmental conditions are proposed to moderate the EM process from opportunity recognition to entrepreneurial organization, EM, and temporary competitive advantage. The theoretical facets are illustrated with seven propositions and directions for future research.     

客户知识管理能力对新产品开发绩效影响的实证研究

本研究分析客户知识管理能力（CKMC）对新产品开发绩效（NPD绩效）的影响,讨论产品创新程度的调节作用,并探索组织文化和组织结构的驱动作用,提出CKMC对NPD绩效影响的概念模型。最后以制造业为调研对象做实证分析,结果表明：客户知识管理能力对新产品开发绩效具有重要显著影响;在中国背景下,信任和合作的组织文化有助于提升客户知识管理能力和新产品开发绩效;集权化和形式化的组织结构不利于客户知识管理能力的提升,但有利于新产品开发绩效的提高;中国的制造业的产品创新能力亟待提高。     

青藏高原地区草原生态旅游资源及其SWOT分析*——以若尔盖草原为例

[目的]草原旅游属于草地农业生态系统的前植物生产层,是草地资源开发利用和绿色草产业可持续发展的新方向。青藏高原草原面积巨大,具有地域特色鲜明、动植物资源丰富、文化底蕴深厚、区位优势明显及潜在的生态风险等特点,为了满足草原旅游活动和草原生态保护的双重目的,促进高寒草原旅游的可持续发展。[方法]运用SWOT分析法,以川西北若尔盖草原旅游资源及开发利用为例,对其草原生态旅游资源的优势(S)、劣势(W)、机遇(O)和挑战(T)进行分析。[结果]若尔盖草原旅游产业具有品牌、资源、区位和知名度四大优势,并存季节性不平衡、基础设施不完善和体验性较差三大劣势,具有国家及地方政策规划、公众追求自然回归原始需求的两大机遇,同时面临草地资源保护     

全域土地整治的“反规划”思路探讨

为应对资源承载趋紧、生态环境约束大和粮食安全等问题,以及生态文明建设、城乡一体化战略发展需求,全域整治成为土地整治内涵功能变化新的特征,也是指导土地整治实践的重要思想和亟待深化探索的重要举措。文章从全域土地整治概念出发,运用文献整理及归纳推理的研究方法,分析了全域土地整治突出全地域空间和综合部署的重要性,详细阐述了"反规划"理念对全域土地整治的指导借鉴作用和关注重点,提出了"反规划"理念下全域整治的目标、途径和方法流程。研究指出,全域土地整治应采用逆向规划方法,通过对全域土地系统与景观生态过程的整体诊断,优先建设生态基础设施,然后确定土地整治的工程建设目标和内容,维护土地生态系统的完整性。该文所阐释的通过反规划途径来营造健康土地环境目的的全域土地整治思路,可为深化土地整治探索,推动我国土地整治向景观生态型土地整治转变提供理论参考。     

Carbon tax pass-through in Canadian retail gasoline markets

A carbon tax's pass-through is one factor influencing its effectiveness in internalizing the externality created by greenhouse gas emissions. This paper measures the pass-through of carbon taxes introduced in retail gasoline markets of four Canadian provinces that did not meet the carbon pollution pricing federal benchmark stringency requirements. Those four provinces are Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario and New Brunswick. Using daily retail gasoline prices for 40 treated cities and nine control cities we find the pass-through rates are city-specific and vary from 0% to over 140%. City-specific pass-through rates imply that estimations at a higher level of geographical aggregation assume homogeneous effects where heterogeneous effects might be present. Our results also suggest it would be difficult for a government to impose an optimal and nationwide carbon tax on automotive greenhouse gas emissions. Although the degree of competition can explain city-specific pass-through rates, it cannot explain over-shifting. Over-shifting can be explained, however, by the demand functional form.     

Messages in online stock forums and stock price synchronicity: Evidence from China

Online stock forums allow investors to share information and exchange opinions, which facilitates the incorporation of firm-specific information into prices and reduces stock price synchronicity. However, prior research presents mixed evidence as to the value of messages in online forums. Using the information of the Eastmoney Guba online forum in China, we find a causal and negative relation between Guba messages and stock price synchronicity. The finding is robust after accounting for media reports and firm fixed effects and using both an instrumental variable analysis and an experimental design that exploits exogenous changes in the authenticity of Guba messages. We find the impact of Guba information is attributed to its roles in both information dissemination and investor interaction and is more pronounced for messages with a negative narrative tone. Additional tests suggest Guba messages improve firm information disclosure quality, reduce stock price crash risk and decrease stock return volatility synchronicity.     

房价水平对企业创新研发支出的影响机制

基于中国A股上市公司2012—2018年的公司数据和35个大中城市的房价数据,检验房价水平对企业创新研发支出的整体影响,并分别以企业房地产投资和研发人员数量为中介变量,检验房价水平对企业创新研发支出影响的作用机制.研究发现:从企业间对比来看,房价水平与企业创新研发支出水平正向相关.房价升高会使企业增加房地产投资,从而对企业研发支出产生"挤出效应";同时,房价升高会伴随着劳动力的"分类"现象,即高技能、高素质劳动力会更多地向高房价城市流动,使企业研发人员雇佣数量上升,促进企业的创新行为.但从同一企业各年对比来看,房价上涨会导致其研发支出的下降.