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961.
This paper analyses the organisation of wage bargaining in multiproduct firms since it affects the distribution of power between workers and firms. We assume that each firm has two plants and chooses who bargains the wage with the workers: either the head of the firm or the manager of each plant. Similarly, in each firm, its workers choose whether they set up plant unions or a single union. 相似文献
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965.
The article analyses and interprets the modernization and technical change of Latin American agriculture over the past two decades. The innovation process is analysed through eight case studies of various products in a variety of countries and method of production. Through these empirical studies, the authors provide a general interpretation of technical change and the public policy process in Latin American agriculture. 相似文献
966.
Between 1970 and 1990, the share of elderly widows living alone grew by 23.2% in the United States, whereas those living with their children decreased by a similar amount. We pose a variety of models for determining the living arrangements in which living together increases consumption because of economies of scale and may also provide utility directly. We estimate these models using the 1970 data and obtain an excellent fit. The estimated models predict that changes in the incomes of both the widow and her offspring generate three‐quarters of the increase in the number of widows living alone. 相似文献
967.
Juan Carlos Hatchondo Leonardo Martinez Horacio Sapriza 《International Economic Review》2009,50(4):1129-1151
We extend the model used in recent quantitative studies of sovereign default, allowing policymakers of different types to stochastically alternate in power. We show that a default episode may be triggered by a change in the type of policymaker in office, and that such a default is likely to occur only if there is enough political stability and if policymakers encounter poor economic conditions. Under high political stability, political turnover enables the model to generate a weaker correlation between economic conditions and default decisions, a higher and more volatile spread, and lower borrowing levels after a default episode. 相似文献
968.
We study the shape of the aggregate production function in the presence of land-intensive agriculture. The traditional Cobb–Douglas formulation is corrected to include a “diversification component.” The implied TFP differences across countries are larger than what Solow residuals suggest. 相似文献
969.
For any Walrasian demand function, the Strong Axiom implies (and is implied by) rationalizability by a complete preorder. However, these equivalent conditions do not ensure the existence of a continuous utility function or complete preorder giving raise to the primitive demand. We here propose a self‐contained proof of a related fact: if the demand is homothetic and continuous, the Strong Axiom characterizes the existence of a continuous and homogeneous of degree one subjective utility function (or a continuous and homothetic complete preorder) representing the demand. Our contruction depends upon standard tools and overturns the need for ad‐hoc axioms that were used in prior published literature on the topic. 相似文献
970.
Exporting barriers: Insights from Portuguese small- and medium-sized exporters and non-exporters 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study aimed to identify some of the major barriers that may hinder potential exporters and non-exporters from exporting
their operations. Both parametric and semi-parametric binary choice models were used to analyze the data with the aim of assessing
which of the major barriers detected can better explain the surveyed SMEs' decision to export or not. Six out of the 23 distinct
barriers defined initially in the survey were found as statistically significant determiners of the probability that a surveyed
SME firm would be a non-exporter. If public agents are interested in promoting and implementing the most effective mechanisms
to stimulate exporting of domestic firms, several policy measures are advisable in order to minimize or alleviate the perceived
inhibiting impact of barriers on SME firms' exporting decisions. In summary, results from the study revealed that non-exporters
consider the lack of knowledge of potential markets, lack of qualified export personnel, lack of technical suitability, degree
of competition in the sector, lack of financial assistance (governmental and financial institutions), and lack of qualified
human resources as the main export barriers. By comparison, exporters perceived warehousing and control of the physical product
flow in the target market to be the biggest barrier. 相似文献