全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3505篇 |
免费 | 86篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 302篇 |
工业经济 | 143篇 |
计划管理 | 594篇 |
经济学 | 592篇 |
综合类 | 10篇 |
运输经济 | 26篇 |
旅游经济 | 30篇 |
贸易经济 | 471篇 |
农业经济 | 181篇 |
经济概况 | 1241篇 |
邮电经济 | 1篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 45篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 99篇 |
2017年 | 96篇 |
2016年 | 74篇 |
2015年 | 68篇 |
2014年 | 120篇 |
2013年 | 276篇 |
2012年 | 130篇 |
2011年 | 151篇 |
2010年 | 104篇 |
2009年 | 108篇 |
2008年 | 118篇 |
2007年 | 94篇 |
2006年 | 93篇 |
2005年 | 60篇 |
2004年 | 86篇 |
2003年 | 84篇 |
2002年 | 65篇 |
2001年 | 46篇 |
2000年 | 56篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 41篇 |
1997年 | 38篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 23篇 |
1993年 | 41篇 |
1992年 | 40篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 36篇 |
1987年 | 26篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 25篇 |
1982年 | 30篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1960年 | 11篇 |
1932年 | 12篇 |
1922年 | 11篇 |
1890年 | 17篇 |
1883年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有3591条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
171.
Summary This paper formulates an optimizing model of a small open economy with a representative (immortal) household, a firm and a government. The asset menu consists of domestic currency, non-traded bonds and traded bonds. There is a risk premium on traded bonds, which leads to deviations from perfect capital mobility and uncovered interest parity. Taxes are lump-sum, so that finance by bonds and by taxation are equivalent. The model allows for current-account and wealth dynamics. The model assumes either purchasing power parity or imperfect substitution between home and foreign goods and either labour market equilibrium, nominal wage rigidity or real wage rigidity. The steady-state effects of a fiscal contraction, a monetary disinflation and an increase in the world interest rate are discussed. The transient effects of these policies are analysed with the aid of a multiple shooting algorithm.We thank Gerard Staarink for implementing the multiple shooting algorithm used in section 4 and we thank Professors M. Fase and J. Pen for their constructive comments on a previous version of this paper. The paper is a shortened version of discussion paper No. 168 of the Centre for Economic Policy Research, London. 相似文献
172.
Constant Market Share (CMS) analysis is a popular tool for analyzing changes in exports of a country. Nevertheless, its theoretical foundations (and policy relevance) have been questioned. In this paper, we provide such a foundation by relating CMS analysis to a two-stage homothetic demand model. An indication of the empirical relevance of this relationship is given by comparing the CMS analysis with a two-stage Constant Elasticity of Substitution demand model applied to 1972–1976 data of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).Paper presented at the XX-th world conference of the Applied Econometric Association in Istanbul, December 1986. The research reported in this paper was carried out as part of the project Disequi-librium and Equilibrium in Demand and Supply, which is approved by the Dutch Office of Education and Sciences. Ivo J. Steyn and Philip A. ten Cate provided excellent research assistance. We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 相似文献
173.
The introduction of behavioural insights into policy-making is welcome, because they challenge traditional assumptions in policy-making which are largely inspired by neoclassical economic thinking. In line with good evidence-based policy-making, they make us question and test how people behave instead of assuming we already know the answer. 相似文献
174.
Piet van Rooyen 《Development Southern Africa》1991,8(2):249-258
The Ju/'hoan Bushman Development Foundation (JBDF) is a multi‐dimensional development foundation which has as its main objective the raising of the standard of living of the indigenous Ju/'hoan Bushmen in eastern Bushmanland, Namibia. It has a basic needs approach to development.
The development activities of the Foundation started in 1981. The Nyae Nyae Farmers’ Cooperative, through which the Foundation now directs its development activities, was established in 1986. It is funded by various international development agencies, such as Christian Aid, NORAD, SIDA, Bread for the World, Oxfam Canada, and the EEC.
The basic needs approach of the Foundation addresses the following dimensions: water, food, cash, clothing, health, literacy and education, community esteem, and problems and propositions. 相似文献
175.
Frederick van?der Ploeg 《International Tax and Public Finance》2012,19(4):509-538
A windfall in a developing economy with capital scarcity and investment adjustment costs facing a temporary windfall should be used to give more consumption to poorer present generations and to speed up development by ramping up public investment and paying off debt taking due account of the increasing inefficiency as investment gets ramped up. The optimal strategy requires negative genuine saving; the permanent income requires zero genuine saving. The optimal real consumption increments are smaller once one allows for absorption constraints resulting from Dutch disease and sluggish adjustment of ‘home-grown’ public capital. 相似文献
176.
Bonne J. H. Zijlstra Marijtje A. J. van Duijn Tom A. B. Snijders 《Statistica Neerlandica》2005,59(1):107-118
With the development of an MCMC algorithm, Bayesian model selection for the p 2 model for directed graphs has become possible. This paper presents an empirical exploration in using approximate Bayes factors for model selection. For a social network of Dutch secondary school pupils from different ethnic backgrounds it is investigated whether pupils report that they receive more emotional support from within their own ethnic group. Approximated Bayes factors seem to work, but considerable margins of error have to be reckoned with. 相似文献
177.
Maximising sustainability of Dutch dairy farming systems for different stakeholders: A modelling approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A multi-attribute sustainability function is included into a dairy farm LP-model by using Weighted Goal Programming. The created Weighted Linear Goal Programming (WLGP)-model is used to maximise sustainability of different Dutch dairy farming systems and to analyse the impact of: (1) maximisation of individual sustainability aspects (economic, social and ecological sustainability) and (2) maximisation of overall sustainability using stakeholder preferences. Maximising the individual aspects of both dairy farming systems, i.e. conventional and organic, shows the trade-offs between different aspects of sustainability. For conventional as well as organic dairy farming maximum scores are highest for external social sustainability. The conventional dairy farm achieves a slightly higher score for overall sustainability than the organic dairy farm for all stakeholders (i.e. consumers and producers). This shows that it is possible for conventional dairy farms, similar to the conventional farm used in the analysis especially regarding the stocking density and under Dutch policy conditions, to achieve equal sustainability scores in comparison with organic dairy farms. It is concluded that the WLGP model is a suitable tool to analyse the sustainability of different dairy farming systems. 相似文献
178.
Lou Slangen Hanno van Keulen Koeno Gravemeijer 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2011,21(4):449-469
This study investigates what pupils aged 10–12 can learn from working with robots, assuming that understanding robotics is a sign of technological literacy. We conducted cognitive and conceptual analysis to develop a frame of reference for determining pupils’ understanding of robotics. Four perspectives were distinguished with increasing sophistication; “psychological”, “technological”, “function”, and “controlled system”. Using Lego® Mindstorms® NXT robots, as an example of a Direct Manipulation Environment, we developed and conducted a lesson plan to investigate pupils’ reasoning patterns. There is ample evidence that pupils have little difficulty in understanding that robots are man-made technological and functional artifacts. Pupils’ understanding of the controlled system concept, more specifically the complex sense-reason-act loop that is characteristic of robotics, can be fostered by means of problem solving tasks. The results are discussed with respect to pupils’ developing technological literacy and the possibilities for teaching and learning in primary education. 相似文献
179.
Maria Abreu Ozge Oner Aleid Brouwer Eveline van Leeuwen 《Journal of Business Venturing》2019,34(4):589-607
Our paper presents an empirical analysis of entrepreneurial well-being using a large-scale longitudinal household survey from the UK that tracks almost 50,000 individuals across seven waves over the period 2009–2017, as well as a number of exploratory case studies. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating how entrepreneurial well-being varies across locations along the urban-rural continuum, and across wealthy-deprived neighbourhoods. We use a Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) approach to compare the well-being outcomes of individuals who switch into self-employment from waged employment, and show that entrepreneurial well-being, in the form of job satisfaction, is significantly higher for those living in semi-urban locations, relative to those living in urban and rural locations. We argue that semi-urban locations provide an optimal combination of ease of doing business and quality of life. Our results also show that individuals in wealthy neighbourhoods who switch into self-employment experience higher job satisfaction than otherwise comparable individuals living in materially deprived neighbourhoods, although the latter experience greater levels of life satisfaction following the switch. 相似文献
180.
Wirtschaftsdienst - In Heft 2/2018 muss in dem Aufsatz von Berend Diekmann, Katrin van Dyken „Die NAFTA-Verhandlungen — Wohin steuert die USHandelspolitik?“, S. 100-107, DOI:... 相似文献