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971.
The Standing Senate Committee on Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry held extensive hearings throughout Canada in I98I1 to assess soil degradation. They concluded that unless action is taken quickly, the country will lose a major portion of its agricultural capability.
The paper examined this conclusion a little more closely for a region in Southern Ontario. On the basis of past experience, the conclusion seems a little far fetched. Corn yields are still rising there and unit production costs declining. However, as indicated, this warning must be interpreted in light of the yield—soil depth relationship, which may reach a sharp inclination point in the near future on various soils. A big drawback is that empirical evidence on form and level of the curve for the various soils is unavailable.
The causes of excessive soil erosion are complex and deeply rooted in economic forces and in institutions. Several institutions, crucial to agriculture, exert a discouraging influence on farmers to conserve their soil. Unfortunately, necessary institutional adjustments are not a priority item on the political agenda. Research on ways to mitigate the negative effects of economic forces on soil management has been scant in Canada. Across-the-board subsidies and favorable tax provisions are often advocated. However, little is known about their effectiveness, efficiency and equity. 相似文献
The paper examined this conclusion a little more closely for a region in Southern Ontario. On the basis of past experience, the conclusion seems a little far fetched. Corn yields are still rising there and unit production costs declining. However, as indicated, this warning must be interpreted in light of the yield—soil depth relationship, which may reach a sharp inclination point in the near future on various soils. A big drawback is that empirical evidence on form and level of the curve for the various soils is unavailable.
The causes of excessive soil erosion are complex and deeply rooted in economic forces and in institutions. Several institutions, crucial to agriculture, exert a discouraging influence on farmers to conserve their soil. Unfortunately, necessary institutional adjustments are not a priority item on the political agenda. Research on ways to mitigate the negative effects of economic forces on soil management has been scant in Canada. Across-the-board subsidies and favorable tax provisions are often advocated. However, little is known about their effectiveness, efficiency and equity. 相似文献
972.
973.
Performance Measurement of the Agricultural Marketing Cooperatives: The Gap between Theory and Practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rafat A. M. E. Soboh Alfons Oude Lansink Gerard Giesen Gert van Dijk 《Review of Agricultural Economics》2009,31(3):446-469
The performance of agricultural cooperatives depends on their business objectives, which are defined in different ways in the literature. We review the theoretical literature on the performance of agricultural marketing cooperatives. Studies can be divided into two classes, those that assume a single objective and those that assume multiple objectives. This classification integrates three views of the cooperatives: ( a ) vertical integration of firms, ( b ) independent enterprise, and ( c ) coalition of firms. Empirical studies on the financial performance of cooperatives are classified into two categories, studies based on the economic theory of the firm and studies that emphasize accounting techniques. Empirical studies have failed to address the cooperatives' objectives as represented by the theoretical literature on cooperative performance. 相似文献
974.
Establishment and embedding of innovation brokers at different innovation system levels: Insights from the Dutch agricultural sector 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laurens Klerkx Author Vitae Cees Leeuwis Author Vitae 《Technological Forecasting and Social Change》2009,76(6):849-860
In the systems perspective on innovation, co-operation between several different types of actors is seen as key to successful innovation. Due to the existence of several gaps that hinder such effective co-operation, the scientific and policy literature persistently points at the need for intermediary organizations to fulfill bridging and brokerage roles. This paper aims to provide an overview of the insights from the literature on such ‘innovation brokers’, and to contribute to the literature by distilling lines of enquiry and providing insights on one of the lines identified. Taking as an empirical basis experiences with different types of innovation brokers that have emerged in the Dutch agricultural sector, it identifies a number of tensions with regard to the establishment and embedding of such organizations. The paper indicates that, despite being perceived to have a catalyzing effect on innovation, innovation brokers have difficulty in becoming embedded as their clients and/or financiers find it difficult to grasp the nature and value of their activities. 相似文献
975.
Judith M. van der Voort Katherina Glac Lucas C.P.M. Meijs 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,90(3):311-329
In academic research, many attempts have been undertaken to legitimize corporate community involvement by showing a business
case for it. However, much less attention has been devoted to building understanding about the actual dynamics and challenges
of managing CCI in the business context. As an alternative to existing predominantly static and top-down approaches, this
paper introduces a social movement framework for analyzing CCI management. Based on the analysis of qualitative case study
data, we argue that the active role of employees pressuring for CCI policies and practices, as well as the organization audience
responses to their efforts, are at the core of the challenges involved in managing CCI. These challenges also pose limits
to how far CCI can be extended to a “business as usual” activity. 相似文献
976.
977.
Allowing for games with a continuous action space, we investigate how evolutionary stability, the existence of a uniform invasion
barrier, local superiority and asymptotic stability relate to each other. This is done without restricting the populations
of which we want to investigate the stability to monomorphic population states or to strategies with finite support.
The authors have benefitted from careful and precise comments by Gerard van der Laan, Jan van Mill, the editor and an anonymous
referee. Matthijs van Veelen gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Netherlands’ Organization for Scientific Research
(NWO). 相似文献
978.
Since 1995 the financing scheme for medical specialist services in the Netherlands has moved from a fee-for-service scheme to a capitation scheme. This paper analyzes the economic and welfare effects of this policy change. The paper adopts a numerical model that integrates demand and supply considerations and that recognizes the potential roles of moral hazard and supplier-induced demand. The paper finds that the shift in financing regime has been welfare-reducing. The policy change induced medical specialists to lower the supply of the health services which was already lower than optimal before the policy reform. 相似文献
979.
Cooperation can increase the efficiency of commonly-owned renewable resource use. However, received knowledge is that, absent side payments, cooperative solutions are more difficult to achieve the less homogenous the agents involved. We revisit this claim by analyzing how differences in the opportunity costs of resource harvesting affect the scope for Pareto-improving contracts, where contracting is with respect to the type of technology used. We find that the scope for cooperation is largest for intermediate levels of heterogeneity. 相似文献
980.
Summary Together with a move from a rules-based legal approach to a more economic approach in competition cases, the economic effects
of competition law enforcement have received increasing attention. Measuring these effects is important for external accountability
of the Competition Authority, for quality control of its decisions and for evaluating the effectiveness of the competition
law. This raises many issues in measurement, including the choice of counterfactual, the choice of effects to be measured,
and the proper use of available data. The papers in this Special Issue of De Economist discuss these and related issues, based
on a broad range of experience in competition law enforcement.
相似文献