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71.
科技金融投入对产业结构优化升级具有重要影响作用。本文基于2011~2019年的省际面板数据,使用固定效应模型对中国30个省份进行实证分析,并使用工具变量解决内生性问题。研究结果表明,科技金融投入对产业结构的影响呈现"倒U型"的非线性特征;从作用机制来看,科技金融投入影响技术创新进而作用于产业结构升级;从地区上来看,科技金融投入对产业结构升级的影响在东部地区表现明显,中、西部地区作用不明显。据此,提出加快完善科技金融制度、完善多层次资本市场体系、注重高技术人才的培养、平衡地区发展等政策建议。 相似文献
72.
在国内国际双循环新发展格局下,叠加经贸摩擦、新冠疫情等外部冲击,我国制造业转移、升级的动机有所增强,并对国际收支平衡造成一定影响。本文以制造业转移的微观调查为切入点,以世界银行制造业增加值数据库为研究对象,探讨制造业转移的国别经验和影响因素。研究发现:制造业转移是中长期过程且存在短期波动风险,大规模制造业转移需要转入转出国在整体体量、转移规模等方面相匹配;吸引制造业流入的因素包括市场、技术和基础设施,推动制造业流出的因素包括关税税率、产业结构和外部冲击;我国制造业在中长期内将整体呈转出趋势,但更多体现为产业转型升级驱动,同时在转移过程中的部分时段可能出现反复,体现为一定的跨境资金流动风险,并对国际收支平衡造成影响。 相似文献
73.
We study market equilibration in laboratory economies that are larger and more complex than any that have been studied experimentally to date. Complexity is derived from the fact that the economies are “international” in economic structure with multiple input, output, and foreign exchange markets in operation. The economies have twenty-one markets and due to the fact that they have roughly fifty agents, the economies are characterized by several hundred equations. In spite of the complexity and interdependence of the economy, the results demonstrate the substantial power of the general equilibrium model of perfect competition to predict the direction of movement of market-level variables. Empirical patterns in the convergence process are explored and described. 相似文献
74.
This paper addresses the question of how uncertainty in costs and benefits affects the difficulty of reaching a voluntary agreement among sovereign states. A measure of difficulty is constructed related to side-payments necessary to make an agreement a Pareto-improving move. Using a simple model, it is shown that uncertainty actually makes agreement easier.JEL classifications: Q5, H4, D7, D8An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Conference on Risk and Uncertainty in Environmental and Resource Economics, Wageningen, The Netherlands, June 2002. 相似文献
75.
当前,国内民营经济发展主要有三种模式,即温州模式、苏南模式和青浦模式.三种模式对发展我国民营经济都具有借鉴意义,但不能照搬照抄.民营经济发展战略是一项复杂的系统工程,民营经济发展可采取集团化战略、多元化战略、融资战略、人力资源开发战略等四种战略,这四种战略都具有现实意义. 相似文献
76.
Punishment,counterpunishment and sanction enforcement in a social dilemma experiment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We present the results of an experiment that explores the sanctioning behavior of individuals who experience a social dilemma.
In the game we study, players choose contribution levels to a public good and subsequently have multiple opportunities to
reduce the earnings of the other members of the group. The treatments vary in terms of individuals’ opportunities to (a) avenge
sanctions that have been directed toward themselves, and (b) punish others’ sanctioning behavior with respect to third parties.
We find that individuals do avenge sanctions they have received, and this serves to decrease contribution levels. They also
punish those who fail to sanction third parties, but the resulting increase in contributions is smaller than the decrease
the avenging of sanctions induces. When there are five rounds of unrestricted sanctioning, contributions and welfare are significantly
lower than when only one round of sanctioning opportunities exists, and welfare is lower than at a benchmark of zero cooperation.
We thank James Andreoni, participants in seminars at Emory University, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the University
of New South Wales, the University of Sydney, Deakin University, the 2004 North American Regional Meetings of the ESA in Tucson,
Arizona, USA, the 2004 IMEBE Meetings in Cordoba, Spain, and the 2005 SAET meetings in Vigo, Spain, for constructive and helpful
comments. We thank Elven Priour for programming and organization of the sessions. Instructions for the experiment are available
from the authors. 相似文献
77.
基于生态学的思考,小城镇新区规划设计应树立五个新理念:深化人本思想、突出文化内涵、注重景观设计、树立超前意识、发扬务实精神。新理念在实践过程中体现在:营造人性化的小城镇新区、塑造地方性的小城镇特色、打造园林式的小城镇景观、构造灵活性的小城镇格局、绘就实用性的小城镇蓝图。 相似文献
78.
Charles C. Okeahalam 《International Review of Applied Economics》2007,21(5):669-685
Indicators of market power can be ambiguous because cost economies associated with scale and not market imperfections may influence results. This article illustrates that without direct measures of concentration, estimates of costs, scale economies and profitability can be used to identify market power in banking. Secondly, via this method, econometric estimates provide meaningful evidence of market power in the South African banking sector over the study sample period (1979–1998). A reasonable conclusion is that while industrial structure is important, careful consideration needs to be given to cost economies and profitability when assessing market power. In addition, there is a need to consider appropriate policy to reduce market power in banking in South Africa. 相似文献
79.
基于供应链管理的企业营销渠道创新 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
传统渠道链的内在缺陷和新竞争模式的外在压力迫使企业必须通过渠道创新以获得新的利润和竞争力。本文在借鉴供应链管理优势的基础上,从组织结构、成员关系和管理模式创新三方面入手,提出渠道构建的逆向模式,以实现渠道的系统优化及各成员的长远利益最大,并使得市场的覆盖更为有效。 相似文献
80.
Researching Preferences,Valuation and Hypothetical Bias 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A number of recent papers in environmental economics have focused on the process of researching preferences – agents are uncertain
about preferences but with effort may narrow their uncertainty. This issue has arisen in formulating bids in contingent valuation
(CV) as well as the debate over the divergence between WTP and WTA. In the context of CV, it has been suggested that the hypothetical
nature of the preference elicitation process biases responses. This paper provides both a theoretical model and experimental
evidence to contribute to this debate. The model is a model of competitive bidding for a private good with two components
that are particularly relevant to the debate. The first component is that bidders are unsure of their own value for the private
good but may purchase information about their own value (researching preferences). The second component is that there is a
probability that the auction is hypothetical – that the winning bidder will not get the private good and will not pay the
winning bid. The experiment tests this theoretical model of bidding equilibrium and analyzes the effects of variations in
the parameters (hypotheticalness, information costs and number of agents) on the endogenous variables (such as the proportion
of bidders who become informed and the winning bid). Experimental results suggest that an increase in the hypotheticalness
of an auction tends to decrease the likelihood that bidders pay for information on their valuation with an ambiguous effect
on the winning bid.
相似文献