When I put on my service mask: Determinants and outcomes of emotional labor among hotel service providers according to affective event theory

This article develops and tests a model of emotional labor in the hotel industry using affective event theory. A multiple-wave longitudinal analysis using data from 424 hotel service employees and their immediate supervisors reveals how work contexts (supervisory support) affect work events (interactional justice), and thereby influence the affective (negative emotions), attitudinal (job satisfaction), and behavioral (emotional labor, service quality, and voluntary turnover) reactions of hotel service employees. The results show that (1) supervisory support relates positively to supervisory interactional justice; (2) supervisory interactional justice is negatively associated with negative emotions; (3) negative emotions relate positively to surface acting and negatively to deep acting; (4) surface acting leads to lower job satisfaction, whereas deep acting leads to higher job satisfaction; and (5) job satisfaction leads to higher service quality and lower turnover. The implications suggest important recommendations for hotel managers.     

The causality examination between demand uncertainty and hotel failure: A case study of international tourist hotels in Taiwan

The hotel business is highly sensitive to economic cycles, as the industry faces high frequency and high fluctuation of uncertainty over the demand for lodging services. Without a thorough consideration on the issue, hotels may undergo a business crisis. This research therefore investigates the influence of demand uncertainty on hotel failure by using the operation data of international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 1995–2008. The analysis applies two stages of estimation. The first stage employs a first-order autoregressive model, AR(1), to model lodging demand uncertainty. The second stage estimates the likelihood of hotels’ failure by using a logit model. The results are supportive to determine that the demand uncertainty causes hotel failures.     

取消农业税后西部地区农民增收问题研究——来自云、贵、川300个农户的调查

农业税取消后,受农资价格、生产规模等因素的影响,西部地区农民的减负增收效果有限,外出务工被认为是增收的主要途经.大部分农民对当前的农村政策和政府抱有很高的期望,希望政府在农村合作经济组织、公共产品供给和政府职能等方面的工作能有所突破.调查结果表明,西部农民希望能够改善发展基础,提高发展能力并获得发展机会.     

农业行业职业技能鉴定必须坚持质量第一的原则

近年来,随着“三农”政策的陆续出台,参加农业行业职业技能鉴定的人数不断上升,如何注意严格保证鉴定质量？针对鉴定过程容易出现的质量问题,本文提出了农业行业职业技能鉴定必须坚持质量第一的原则。     

国外农地保护和流转经验对我国农地流转的启示

本文分析了美国和南非两个不同经济发展水平的国家有关农田保护和促进农地流转的一些做法。美国农地流转调查结果显示,教育宣传和有限的资金支持是实施农田保护计划的重要手段。而南非夸祖鲁——纳塔尔省农地流转中存在一定程度的政府信贷支持差异及严重的种族和性别歧视现象,从而制约着该省农地顺利流转。这两个国家农田保护和农地流转的做法对当前我国政府鼓励和促进农地流转有一定的借鉴意义。     

关于我国农民工养老保险问题的思考

农民工养老保险问题是重大的民生问题,是维护社会稳定,构建和谐社会的重要内容。为解决当前我国农民工养老保险面临的困境,在农民工社会保险制度还未完善的情况下,需从加快立法进程、增强执法力度、深化户籍制度改革等几个方面完善农民工养老保险制度的配套措施。     

浅析广东农村基本经营制度的确立与完善

本文力求通过回顾改革开放以来广东农村基本经营制度确立和完善的历程,总结其经验,以期为今后深化改革提供参考。     

福建森林保险案例研究

回顾了20世纪80年代以来福建省森林保险的发展历史,并以南平和三明市为例,从森林保险的规模、品种、具体做法以及配套政策等方面做了案例研究。通过案例分析,对福建省森林保险发展情况进行了基本判断:全省对森林保险的群体需求有差异,森林保险业务供给有限,林业部门和保险公司诉求不同,需要加强理解和沟通。     

What kind of marketing distribution mix can maximize revenues: The wholesaler travel agencies' perspective?

This study attempts to identify the variety of marketing channel efficiencies for marketing activities and sets up an optimal marketing distribution mix when using different distribution channels for wholesaler travel agencies. This research examines 12 large-scale travel agencies in Taiwan and offers seven direct and indirect distribution channels in order to establish an optimal marketing distribution mix and identifies the different forms of distribution involved. We also implement the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize the seven main marketing distribution channels of travel agency: websites, cable TV, radios, professional magazines, retailer travel agencies, strategic alliances, and newspapers. Five criteria are categorized as a distribution channel selection: overall cost of the channel, target audience respondent rate, impression rates, transactional capabilities, and gross profit of the channel. The results show that Taiwan's wholesaler travel agencies adopt the retailer travel agency as their highest priority of channel selection, while travel agency websites hold it as their second priority. Transactional capabilities, gross profit of the channel, and overall cost of the channel are the top three favorable choices among the five criteria considered. This study proposes an innovative hierarchy model of marketing distribution mix to a wholesaler travel agency practitioner when making decisions in order to effectively exploit the different distribution mix, to maximize performances and revenues, and to overcome the traditional experience based on the shortcomings of the selection.     

外商直接投资对国内投资影响的实证分析

以1993—2007年常州市FDI、国内投资以及GDP的时间序列数据为基础,利用Panel Data模型,对常州市FDI对国内投资的挤入挤出效应进行计量分析,结果表明常州市FDI对国内投资的影响表现为挤出效应。