吉林海沟金矿床金属矿物的主要特征

海沟矿床是一个大型金矿床。含金石英脉分布于燕山期二长花岗岩体中,金属矿物的研究表明,矿物以自然金、硫化物(黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿)为主,伴有少量铀矿物(晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿)及碲化物(碲铅矿、碲金矿)。主要的矿物组合为自然金—石英、自然金—硫化物、石英—方解石,它们分别代表不同成矿阶段,金的最大富集发生于自然金一硫化物阶段,金属矿物的某些特征为矿床成因提供了重要信息,它表明矿床成因上不仅与燕山朔岩浆活动有关,而且也与构造—变质期形成的矿源层有关。     

实物期权在项目投资柔性上的应用

经营管理柔性的存在使得投资者在投资决策过程中具有某种相机选择权,这种相机选择权与实物期权具有相似的特点。文章针对这个问题,分析了传统投资项目决策NPV法的缺陷与不足,提出从实物期权中的扩张期权的角度来分析投资决策上的管理柔性,进一步揭示隐含在不确定性投资中的价值,并对扩张期权的应用提出了改进建议。     

关于旅游规划若干理论问题的思考

旅游业发展一日千里,而旅游规划的理论研究却明显滞后,因此,从哲学的角度对旅游规划的一些基本命题,如规划的性质、目的、对象、依据、内容、方法和评价标准等要素进行探讨,并在本体观、运动观、系统观、价值观和方法论等五个方面展开论述,有助于将规划的理论研究引入哲学的范畴。     

A video game to supplement a hybrid principles of microeconomics course

In this article, the author describes the structure and content of a video game that she developed for a hybrid principles of microeconomics course that consists of two 50-minute lectures and a 50-minute online portion per week. The game comprises seven modules, each of which was assigned to be played during the course of the semester for the online portion of the class. The concepts covered in the game include the circular flow model, demand and supply, externalities, comparative advantage, types of market structure, sunk costs, and game theory, and the article explains in detail how the gameplay was related to these concepts. The game can be downloaded for either Windows or Mac computers, or played online at https://sites.google.com/site/gamesforecon/.     

WTO效应:开放促改革、促发展(下)--中国入世四周年盘点

5产业开放新动向 作为建设中国特色社会主义的伟大实践之一，改革开放27年来，对外开放从无到有，从小到大，领域不断拓宽，地域不断扩大，方式不断多样，结构不断优化，水平不断提高。2004年9月，党的十届四中全会通过《中共中央关于加强党的执政能力建设的决定》明确提出“把握对外开放的主动权，全面提高对外开放水平”的新任务和新要求。入世四年来，中国一直忠诚地致力于实施对外开放的政策，     

大力发展非农产业,努力增加农民收入

近些年，农民收入成为社会各界关注的热门话题，其现状不容乐观，例如增长趋缓，低于国民经济增长速度，城乡差距逐渐拉大等等。统筹城乡发展、大力发展非农产业特别是第三产业，创造更多的就业岗位，吸纳农村劳动力向城市转移，提高农民收入，进而提高城市化率是今后我国“三农”工作的根本，也是我国经济发展的重点，应切实采取措施促进实现这一目标。     

公共品供给中的政府责任

在公共品供给中,政府责任是提供它需要并且能够提供的公共品。需要提供的公共品是指在现有的资源技术条件下,达到社会效用最大化所需提供的公共品。能够提供的公共品是指征到拉弗曲线隐含的最大税收量所能提供的公共品。需要并且能够提供的公共品是指需要提供的公共品与能够提供的公共品中量较小的一方。通过比较政府实际提供的公共品与需要并且能够提供的公共品,可以评价政府在这一领域称职与否。     

农产品供应链风险管理

文章在已有的供应链风险与农产品供应链研究成果的基础上,以我国农产品供应链的特点及现状为出发点,分析了我国农产品供应链中存在的风险,如技术风险、信息化风险、组织管理风险、自然灾害风险、质量安全风险,给出了评估与评价农产品供应链风险的方法,最后针对上述风险提出了相应的风险防范措施,对于发展我国农产品供应链有积极的参考意义。     

企业高中级管理者压力状况调查及对策建议

企业高中级管理者是现代企业竞争优势的重要源泉,其压力状况直接关系到企业的健康发展。该文通过对江苏省134名企业高中级管理者进行的压力状况调查,得出如下结论:江苏省企业高中级管理者属高应激群体,压力感因角色提高和区域竞争激烈而加大;个人认知与社会传统会加大其压力感;国企高中级管理者的压力状况更值得关注。因此,必须采取多种措施将企业高中级管理者的压力水平控制在合理的范围内。     

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis compared with adalimumab in Taiwan

Aims: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis investigated the cost-effectiveness of the second-line treatment with tofacitinib, compared with adalimumab, both plus methotrexate (MTX), in patients with moderate-to-severe RA and an inadequate response to the first-line MTX, from a Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration perspective.

Materials and methods: A patient-level simulation model was used to project lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Base-case analysis compared second-line treatment with tofacitinib 5?mg twice daily plus MTX vs adalimumab 40?mg every 2?weeks plus MTX. Patients switched or discontinued treatment due to a lack or loss of effectiveness or a serious adverse event. Efficacy was measured by change in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score. HAQ-DI scores were used to predict mortality and resource utilization, and were mapped onto utility values to estimate QALYs. Efficacy and safety data were derived from clinical trials and other secondary sources. Uncertainty in model parameters was explored using one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results: Patients gained 0.09 more QALYs with second-line tofacitinib plus MTX compared with adalimumab plus MTX (5.13 vs 5.04, respectively) at an additional cost of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) 12,881. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was NT$143,122/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case result was robust.

Limitations: The lack of available clinical data, particularly for HAQ-DI scores, may introduce some bias in the analysis. No patients were in an early stage of RA, which may limit the generalizability of these results. Base-case results from our study are not necessarily generalizable to countries with healthcare systems that differ considerably from Taiwan.

Conclusions: From a payer perspective, second-line treatment with tofacitinib plus MTX is a cost-effective treatment strategy, compared with adalimumab plus MTX, in patients with moderate-to-severe RA in Taiwan.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00853385.