公平标准认知差异对员工分配公平感及绩效的影响研究

公平标准会影响员工对客观公平现象的知觉、判断和评价。文章分析了公平标准认知差异对员工任务绩效和工作偏离行为的影响以及分配公平感的中介作用。结果表明:"工作要求律"、"个体贡献律"、"岗位条件律"和"个体特征律"这四类公平标准的认知差异与员工分配公平感、员工任务绩效有显著的负相关关系,与工作偏离行为有显著的正相关关系;分配公平感在"工作要求律"、"个体贡献律"、"岗位条件律"、"个体特征律"这四类公平标准的认知差异对员工任务绩效和工作偏离行为的影响中具有中介效应。     

高速铁路经济发展对旅游产业的影响分析

近年来,我国旅游业发展迅猛,在国民经济中的地位和作用日益增强,高速铁路经济的产生为我国旅游业的发展带来了长足影响.高速铁路的便捷、舒适、安全性诱发游客出行,改变了游客理念与需求,带动了旅游市场的快速扩展和转型升级.同时,旅游产业的快速发展,出游率的持续上涨,自助游的盛行,交通基础设施的完善,将使旅游客流成为我国客运市场的主体,为高速铁路带来庞大的客运市场和广阔的发展前景.     

The causality examination between demand uncertainty and hotel failure: A case study of international tourist hotels in Taiwan

The hotel business is highly sensitive to economic cycles, as the industry faces high frequency and high fluctuation of uncertainty over the demand for lodging services. Without a thorough consideration on the issue, hotels may undergo a business crisis. This research therefore investigates the influence of demand uncertainty on hotel failure by using the operation data of international tourist hotels in Taiwan during 1995–2008. The analysis applies two stages of estimation. The first stage employs a first-order autoregressive model, AR(1), to model lodging demand uncertainty. The second stage estimates the likelihood of hotels’ failure by using a logit model. The results are supportive to determine that the demand uncertainty causes hotel failures.     

When I put on my service mask: Determinants and outcomes of emotional labor among hotel service providers according to affective event theory

This article develops and tests a model of emotional labor in the hotel industry using affective event theory. A multiple-wave longitudinal analysis using data from 424 hotel service employees and their immediate supervisors reveals how work contexts (supervisory support) affect work events (interactional justice), and thereby influence the affective (negative emotions), attitudinal (job satisfaction), and behavioral (emotional labor, service quality, and voluntary turnover) reactions of hotel service employees. The results show that (1) supervisory support relates positively to supervisory interactional justice; (2) supervisory interactional justice is negatively associated with negative emotions; (3) negative emotions relate positively to surface acting and negatively to deep acting; (4) surface acting leads to lower job satisfaction, whereas deep acting leads to higher job satisfaction; and (5) job satisfaction leads to higher service quality and lower turnover. The implications suggest important recommendations for hotel managers.     

The motivations and expectations of international volunteer tourists: A case study of “Chinese Village Traditions”

International volunteer tourists devote not only financial support but also time and effort to conservation, preservation, or humanitarian projects outside their original countries. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a qualitative study on the motivations of ten international volunteer tourists who joined the “Chinese Village Traditions” expedition of the Earthwatch Institute in the summer of 2008. The main research question was, “Why do people join international volunteer tourism trips?” Eleven themes dealing with motivations emerged and were categorized into three groups: personal, interpersonal, and other. Four personal factors were measured: authentic experience, interest in travel, challenge/stimulation, and other interest. Four interpersonal factors were also considered: desire to help, interaction with locals/cultures, encouraged by others, and enhancing relationships. Other factors included unique style of the trip, time/money, and organization goal. The findings of this study echo previous literature reviews in different settings.     

The search for the best deal: How hotel cancellation policies affect the search and booking decisions of deal-seeking customers

This study examined cancellation policies and their role in shaping travelers’ deal-seeking behavior, exploring the impact of cancellation fees and deadlines on three, mutually exclusive, customers’ hotel booking behavior categories: “Book”, “Book and Search”, and “Search”. 291 subjects, who participated in a week long online “booking game”, attempted to book a room in a virtual hotel and get the best deal. The results were tested using small sample t-test for comparing proportions between two independent populations, non-parametric multiple pairwise comparisons, and multinomial logit regression models. The findings indicate that the cancellation deadline affected participants’ behavior while the size of the cancellation fee had no statistically significant impact. In addition, there was no significant difference between lenient cancellation deadline and no cancellation policy.     

Factors affecting hotel human resource demand in Taiwan

This study explores the factors affecting hotel human resource (HR) demand and focusing on the organizational, industrial and macroeconomic factors of the hospitality industry. A prediction model was built with eight independent variables and four dummy variables. Secondary data was collected via a governmental statistic database, and regression analysis was performed using the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. The results show that the HR demand of international tourist hotels is more likely to be affected by industrial factors and macroeconomic factors, while the HR demand of standard tourist hotels is less complex, and is mainly affected by organizational factors.     

Empowerment in hospitality organizations: Customer orientation and organizational support

Although empowering employees has often been prescribed as an efficient strategy for hospitality organizations, the strategy alone cannot ensure success. Individual and organizational factors should be considered to increase employees’ perception of empowerment. This study examines the impact of employees’ customer orientation and organizational factors on the employee empowerment perceptions. Our findings, based on a survey of 203 guest contact employees, suggest that organizations should hire customer oriented people, guide them with service training, provide a reward system, and facilitate service standards communication in order to increase perceived empowerment. Implications of these findings for hospitality service managers are discussed.     

论建设资源节约、环境友好型城市

节约发展、清洁发展是落实科学发展观的必然要求,本文从国情分析与国际竞争的视角,阐明了节约资源、保护环境作为基本国策的根据;指出了城市在贯彻两项基本国策中的重要地位,以及如何将其贯穿于城市长远规划和日常城市管理中.     

官僚制的困境与政府治理模式的创新

官僚制是政府治理的一种组织形式.在工业社会时期,官僚制曾经发挥过重要作用.但在信息社会,官僚制正面临深刻的危机,官僚制内部信息结构和激励结构的困境是引起危机的根源.在世界范围内兴起的"新公共管理"运动就是对这一危机的反应,政府治理模式的创新实际上就是对官僚制所作的改革.