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131.
Passage of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) overhaul bill in 1998 reflects the depth of American taxpayer frustration with the agency. We bring a constitutional, or rules of the game, perspective to tax enforcement. We examine political costs and benefits and agency discretion as reasons why tax enforcement by the government might deviate from the preferences of a representative citizen. We also examine prospects for reform. Lasting reform must alter the rules for deciding tax enforcement policy or the political pressures which yield excessive enforcement today will reemerge in the future. 相似文献
132.
The notion of a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium suffers from three inherent difficulties. First, given the equilibrium strategies of other players, there are many best replies. Second, the equilibrium is unstable. Third, comparative statics results are counterintuitive. We demonstrate that these difficulties all have their origin in von Neumann and Morgenstern′s expected utility. In contrast, players with "quadratic utility" have unique best replies and the Nash equilibrium appears to yield intuitive comparative statics results. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: C72. 相似文献
133.
In a 1994 paper, extending the well-known incremental surplus subsidy scheme of Sappington and Sibley, Schwermer presented a non-Bayesian incentive scheme for regulating a Cournot oligopoly industry. This note designs an oligopolistic incentive scheme for a hierarchical Stackelberg model in which firms choose outputs sequentially. 相似文献
134.
The paper attempts to identify the telecom-sector performance indicators, relevant economic variables, and institutional characteristics
of a country that effect the process of privatization of state-owned telecom enterprises. Using standard duration analysis
of a panel data, we demonstrate that the privatization incentives are not only shaped by the mobility of financial capital
in a country but are also influenced by the degree of competitiveness of private sector participation in policy-making process.
The empirical results also reveal the significant impact of productive efficiency in telecom service provision on its course
to privatization.
We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. We are solely responsible for all mistakes. 相似文献
135.
136.
西方国家的金融创新及其货币政策效应 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文对西方国家1960至1980年代的金融创新进行了回顾。该时期是西方国家金融创新兴起和发展的高潮,其创新内容十分丰富,形成具有深刻的历史背景。活跃的金融创新对西方国家的货币政策产生了重大影响,引起各国货币当局对货币政策体系进行了适当调整。 相似文献
137.
改革开放以来中国经济外向发展的进程、特点及趋势分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从国家有关外贸发展的政策、出口贸易、利用外资、对外直接投资、金融国际化程度等几个因素的发展,分析了中国改革开放以来经济外向发展的进程,总结了中国经济外向发展的特点,根据中国目前经济外向发展的状况进一步分析了今后发展的趋势. 相似文献
138.
Taxation of Mobile Factors as Insurance under Uncertainty 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kangoh Lee 《The Scandinavian journal of economics》2004,106(2):253-271
This paper considers the effects of the taxation of mobile factors, i.e., capital, under uncertainty. The wages earned by residents of a jurisdiction are uncertain due to random shocks. Since the uncertain wages in a jurisdiction depend on the amount of mobile capital employed in the jurisdiction, and since taxation alters the quantity of capital employed, taxation affects the riskiness of uncertain wages. In particular, the taxation of capital moderates the fluctuation of uncertain wages, thereby providing insurance. For this reason, jurisdictions use distortionary capital taxation even if lump‐sum taxation is available. In addition, this insurance effect counteracts the tendency toward too low tax rates on capital arising from tax competition, and possibly improves the efficiency of tax competition. 相似文献
139.
140.
本文探讨了物流公司在进行ISO9001:2000标准认证中,其在供应链以及产品的形成至销毁过程、特殊过程与关键过程、测量装置等方面与一般企业的区别所在。 相似文献