卫生费用的决定因素:跨省比较研究

文章使用我国14个省份1994年和1998年的横截面数据,研究了GDP、老龄化、诱导需求三个因素与卫生费用之间的关系,并采用死亡率作为标准对卫生服务的效果进行了检验。研究表明:在我国卫生费用的增长大部分可以由GDP的增长来解释,而卫生服务是一种奢侈品;人口老龄化对卫生费用的增长有显著的影响;我国大部分省份面临的仍是如何增加卫生服务供给的问题,少数较发达地区可能存在诱导需求的问题。对卫生服务效果的检验发现卫生费用的进一步增长对死亡率的影响越来越小,边际卫生费用的支出更多是用来购买服务而不是治疗。     

Improving perishable product inventory management using goal programming

The multiple objectives of perishable product inventory management are examined in this paper. These objectives include: (1) satisfying demand by carrying sufficient inventories, (2) holding down inventory carrying costs, (3) keeping the amount of product spoilage (outdating) at an acceptable level, and (4) maintaining quality by using the product while it is still fresh, and (5) keeping the cost of rotation low. Some of the above objectives are in conflict. Thus, certain redistribution policies may help attain one or more of these objectives to a greater extent. Redistribution involves the transfer of the product from outlets where demand is low to outlets where demand is high. A goal programming model for solving redistribution problems is presented. An example is provided and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to determine when redistribution is advantageous. Applicability of the model is discussed.     

Who Gains from the Demographic Dividend? Forecasting Income by Age

Changes in the population age structure are known to influence the total income per person, but little is known about whether the changes are equally shared across the population or are concentrated on particular age groups and/or birth cohorts. The answer to this question has potentially important implications for income inequality, human capital investment, and fertility decision-making. We propose a new model of intergenerational transfers which distinguishes between the effects of changes in population structure and the effects of changes in family age structure. Using age-specific data from annual income and expenditure surveys of Taiwan between 1978 and 1998, we show that changes in age structure have had a very favorable effect on Taiwan's income growth. The gains are not equally shared by all age groups, however. Children and young adults have benefited the most, while the elderly have benefited the least. The population and family age structures have independent effects on per capita income; the effect of the population age structure is most important. Generational differences in per capita income are closely related to intergenerational differences in earnings, suggesting only a weak form of altruism. Finally, we predict that, on average, population aging will adversely influence the per capita income growth in Taiwan in the coming decades.     

金融制度缺陷:我国农村金融效率低下的根源

本文通过统计数据对我国农村金融资源配置效率的分析表明,我国农村金融资源配置效率相对低下.造成农村金融资源配置效率低下的原因,是现阶段农村金融制度的有效供给不足,导致了金融资源配置无法满足帕累托条件.因此,提高农村金融资源配置效率的关键,在于农村金融制度的创新和有效供给.     

对企业技术创新自我实现的经济学分析

本文从经济学的理论角度分析了企业技术创新自我实现的可能性。分析发现：产品被成熟生产后的产量与资本报酬和资本边际生产率的大小有直接关系。因此，企业发展内部本身就可以通过市场供需调节来实现创新的循环和延续。从这一点上说，国家对于企业技术创新的鼓励政策应该更加依靠市场机制的作用。     

论内部控制的外部监督

文章从对内部控制实施外部监督的必要性出发,分析了美国对上市公司财务报告内部控制进行外部监督的具体做法。然后,分别从内部控制外部监督的法律依据、监督标准、监督机构方面进行研究,并就实施外部监督提出了修订相关法律、制定内部控制法和内部控制规范体系以及逐步展开的政策建议。     

大学生旅游市场营销误区浅析

大学生旅游市场因其蕴含的巨大潜力已成为业内商家关注的亮点,但在经历了几年的研究与开发之后,大学生旅游市场并没有发生显著的变化,反而似乎已变为让商家望市兴叹的“鸡肋”。文章对这一现象进行了重点分析,找出关键的营销误区,并提出相应的改进建议。     

浅析公共工程项目可持续发展的实现模式

大型公共项目投资额巨大,专业性、综合性很强,大型公司项目能否顺利完成和发挥预期的投资效益,对所在区域的经济、社会和生态的发展具有重要影响 .在论述大型公共工程可持续发展的实现模式基础上,结合我国大型公共工程建设和管理的现状,探讨对大型公共工程项目的全生命周期管理.     

FDI对东道国就业的直接效应和间接效应--基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的分析

在FDI发展历史的早期,就有学者关注FDI对东道国就业的直接效应和间接效应问题。1994年和1999年的《世界投资报告》从不同的角度对这一问题进行了较全面的概括和总结。本文在此理论基础上,利用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,分析了FDI对东道国就业的直接效应、短期间接效应和长期间接效应,并给出了FDI对东道国就业的影响因素,以及各因素之间的关系。得出的结论可以为政府在不同阶段制定相关政策提供相应的理论依据。