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61.
In recent papers, Moon and Choi (1998) and Hariga and Ben-Daya (1999)considered a continuous review inventory model with a mixture of backordersand lost sales in which the lead time, the order quantity, and the reorder pointare decision variables was studied. Moreover, they also develop a minimaxdistribution free procedure for the problem. While the demands of differentcustomers are not identical in the lead time, then we can't only use a singledistribution (such as Moon & Choi (1998) and Hariga & Ben-Daya (1999))to describe the demand of the lead time. Hence, we correct and extend the modelof Moon and Choi (1998) and Hariga and Ben-Daya (1999) by considering thelead time demand with the mixture of distributions. In addition, we also applythe minimax mixture of distributions free approach to the model by simultaneouslyoptimizing the order quantity, the reorder point, and the lead time to devise a practical procedure which can be used without specific information on demand distribution. 相似文献
62.
Shao Xiaoye Cheng Shengkui Chen Yuansheng 《生态经济(英文版)》2006,2(4):449-456
Tourism resources valuation is now a hot issue of the science of tourism resources, resources economics and environmental economics. This paper reviews research progresss on tourism resources valuation, introduces its theoretic basis, and elaborates two classical valuation methods: TCM and CVM. And two existing problems are discussed Firstly, tourism resources value constitution system is still under dispute. This paper puts forward the Value constitution system based on present value categories. Secondly, tourism resources valuation methods need further studies because both TCM and CVM have deficiencies. Finally, the paper points out the development direction of tourism resources valuation. 相似文献
63.
This article examines the external shocks and subsequent adjustment processes in the Soviet Union, China, and Hungary during 1974–76, 1979–81, and 1984–87. It compares the experiences of the three socialist countries with regard to external shocks to those of inward-and outward-oriented groups of newly industrializing countries (NICs). In contrast to the NICs, terms of trade effects were of secondary magnitude to export demand effects of external shocks in the three socialist countries during the first two periods. The oil-exporting Soviet Union had beneficial terms of trade effects during the first two periods, with unfavorable effects coming only in the third period. The adjustment responses to the external shocks varied greatly in the Soviet Union from the other two reform-oriented socialist countries and from both groups of NICs. It is interesting to note that the types of responses in the Soviet Union were quite opposite to that one observes for market economies. However, reform-oriented China and Hungary seemed to have response patterns similar to those of market economies, though China's response was similar to the outward-oriented NICs, while Hungary's was similar to the inward-oriented NICs.The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees, as well as Robert Dernberger, Albert Fishlow, Gregory Grossman, Chung Lee, Michael Plummer, Laura Tyson, and Benjamin Ward, for useful comments on this paper. Research in preparing this study was partly supported by a grant from the Institute of International Studies and Center for Slavic and East European Studies of the University of California, Berkeley. 相似文献
64.
The multiple objectives of perishable product inventory management are examined in this paper. These objectives include: (1) satisfying demand by carrying sufficient inventories, (2) holding down inventory carrying costs, (3) keeping the amount of product spoilage (outdating) at an acceptable level, and (4) maintaining quality by using the product while it is still fresh, and (5) keeping the cost of rotation low. Some of the above objectives are in conflict. Thus, certain redistribution policies may help attain one or more of these objectives to a greater extent. Redistribution involves the transfer of the product from outlets where demand is low to outlets where demand is high. A goal programming model for solving redistribution problems is presented. An example is provided and sensitivity analysis is performed in order to determine when redistribution is advantageous. Applicability of the model is discussed. 相似文献
65.
Changes in the population age structure are known to influence the total income per person, but little is known about whether the changes are equally shared across the population or are concentrated on particular age groups and/or birth cohorts. The answer to this question has potentially important implications for income inequality, human capital investment, and fertility decision-making. We propose a new model of intergenerational transfers which distinguishes between the effects of changes in population structure and the effects of changes in family age structure. Using age-specific data from annual income and expenditure surveys of Taiwan between 1978 and 1998, we show that changes in age structure have had a very favorable effect on Taiwan's income growth. The gains are not equally shared by all age groups, however. Children and young adults have benefited the most, while the elderly have benefited the least. The population and family age structures have independent effects on per capita income; the effect of the population age structure is most important. Generational differences in per capita income are closely related to intergenerational differences in earnings, suggesting only a weak form of altruism. Finally, we predict that, on average, population aging will adversely influence the per capita income growth in Taiwan in the coming decades. 相似文献
66.
金融制度缺陷:我国农村金融效率低下的根源 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本文通过统计数据对我国农村金融资源配置效率的分析表明,我国农村金融资源配置效率相对低下.造成农村金融资源配置效率低下的原因,是现阶段农村金融制度的有效供给不足,导致了金融资源配置无法满足帕累托条件.因此,提高农村金融资源配置效率的关键,在于农村金融制度的创新和有效供给. 相似文献
67.
本文从经济学的理论角度分析了企业技术创新自我实现的可能性。分析发现:产品被成熟生产后的产量与资本报酬和资本边际生产率的大小有直接关系。因此,企业发展内部本身就可以通过市场供需调节来实现创新的循环和延续。从这一点上说,国家对于企业技术创新的鼓励政策应该更加依靠市场机制的作用。 相似文献
68.
文章从对内部控制实施外部监督的必要性出发,分析了美国对上市公司财务报告内部控制进行外部监督的具体做法。然后,分别从内部控制外部监督的法律依据、监督标准、监督机构方面进行研究,并就实施外部监督提出了修订相关法律、制定内部控制法和内部控制规范体系以及逐步展开的政策建议。 相似文献
69.
大学生旅游市场营销误区浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
大学生旅游市场因其蕴含的巨大潜力已成为业内商家关注的亮点,但在经历了几年的研究与开发之后,大学生旅游市场并没有发生显著的变化,反而似乎已变为让商家望市兴叹的“鸡肋”。文章对这一现象进行了重点分析,找出关键的营销误区,并提出相应的改进建议。 相似文献
70.
FDI对东道国就业的直接效应和间接效应--基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在FDI发展历史的早期,就有学者关注FDI对东道国就业的直接效应和间接效应问题。1994年和1999年的《世界投资报告》从不同的角度对这一问题进行了较全面的概括和总结。本文在此理论基础上,利用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,分析了FDI对东道国就业的直接效应、短期间接效应和长期间接效应,并给出了FDI对东道国就业的影响因素,以及各因素之间的关系。得出的结论可以为政府在不同阶段制定相关政策提供相应的理论依据。 相似文献