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101.
Andrey D. Ukhov 《The Journal of Financial Research》2004,27(3):329-339
The classical warrant pricing formula requires knowledge of the firm value and of the firm‐value process variance. When warrants are outstanding, the firm value itself is a function of the warrant price. Firm value and firm‐value variance are then unobservable variables. I develop an algorithm for pricing warrants using stock prices, an observable variable, and stock return variance. The method also enables estimation of firm‐value variance. A proof of existence of the solution is provided. 相似文献
102.
Given self-protection from an undesirable environmental externality, we examine, under several conditions, the efficiency properties of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. We demonstrate that if self-protection can transfer the externality to another agent, then noncooperative behavior will lead to overprotection. If self-protection filters or dilutes the externality, then noncooperation leads to underprotection. In addition, overprotection will worsen if an agent with more relative power is allowed a first-mover advantage or if the damage function is elastic and transferability is uncertain. Finally, a reduction in uncertainty about transferability will accentuate overprotection if the damage function is inelastic. Our results suggest that coordination of protection activities among agents will enhance the overall gains from environmental policy in the European Single Internal Market of 1992. Coordination minimizes the costs of environmental protection, thereby reducing the public credibility of its foes. 相似文献
103.
Scott J. Vitell Kumar C. Rallapalli Ph.D. Anusorn Singhapakdi 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1993,21(4):331-337
This study develops a scale, using the American Marketing Association’s code of ethics, to measure the marketing-related norms
of marketing practitioners. The scale has five dimensions: 1) price and distribution, 2) information and contracts, 3) product
and promotion, 4) obligation and disclosure, and 5) general honesty and integrity. The relative influence of personal moral
philosophies and organizational ethical climate on the norms of marketers was also examined in this study.
He received his Ph.D. in marketing from Texas Tech University. His work has previously appeared in theJournal of Macromarketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Research in Marketing, Business and Professional Ethics Journal, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, as well as various other journals and proceedings.
His research has been accepted for publication in theJournal of Pharmaceutical Marketing and Management and theJournal of Business Ethics, and has been published in various national and regional proceedings. His research interests include marketing ethics, health
care marketing, international marketing, and direct marketing.
He received his Ph.D. in marketing from the University of Mississippi. His work has previously appeared in theJournal of Macromarketing, Journal of Business Ethics, Business and Professional Ethics Journal, Journal of Public Policy
and Marketing, andJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, as well as other journals and proceedings. 相似文献
104.
Reduced-form price spread models have been recently utilized by Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon to evaluate the economic factors affecting the marketing margins for agricultural products. Drawing on Gardner, Heien, Buse and Brandow, Waugh, Tomek and Robinson, and others they specify alternative retail-farm price spread models and attempt to determine which best fit the data in the context of underlying theoretical rationale. This paper continues in the spirit of Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon by evaluating alternative specifications of the retail-farm price spread for white maize in South Africa. However, several important differences do remain. Wohlgenant and Mullen analyzed the price spread for beef using annual data, while Thompson and Lyon modeled the price spread for oranges using weekly data. The time period under consideration can be expected to affect the choice of model because fixed markup rules that might be evident using a short-run period of analysis (e.g., Thompson and Lyon) become untenable over the long run with underlying supply and demand shifts. In this paper, monthly data, which may be interpreted as an intermediate-run period, are used along with dichotomous supply-demand shifters. In addition, Brorsen et. al. have shown that price uncertainty affects the price spread in the marketing channels of agricultural commodities. Thus, the analysis in this paper extends the framework of Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon to include measures of price risk. Finally, like Brorsen et. al. this study pertains to the grain market, while Wohlgenant and Mullen, and Thompson and Lyon studied the marketing margin for non-storable commodities. 相似文献
105.
106.
实行石油供应来源多样化有利于提高石油供应的安全性,但是要使供应多样化有效地发挥作用,关键要分清哪些是商业石油供应国,哪些是战略石油供应国。确定前者的重要且充分条件是其石油供应的规模和增长潜力,而后者必须有较大的机动生产能力来弥补世界其他地区的供应中断。据此分析,沙特阿拉伯仍将是可靠的战略石油供应国,伊拉克不会成为新的机动产油国,俄罗斯的石油也不能作为能源安全的基础,里海地区仍有诸多风险,西非对世界石油供应格局的影响有限,拉丁美洲则需要扩大油气部门的开放。对美国而言,最为紧迫的能源安全问题不是石油供应安全而是天然气供应安全。天然气尚未成为全球性商品,难以长途运输且船运费用高昂。美国国内天然气供应和价格所面临的压力对美国的能源安全和经济产生的威胁要大于原油成本的上升。 相似文献
107.
108.
Considering the characteristics of banks that do and do not report interest rate swaps, the long-term interest rate exposure of a bank and the likelihood and extent of swap market participation are found to be positively related. Key to the finding is the inclusion of variables related to the provision of swap market intermediary services, which significantly explain both the likelihood of swap market participation and the notional value of outstanding swaps. The results suggest that the likelihood and extent of swap market participation by low-capitalized banks is less than for other banks. 相似文献
109.
Teaching Business Ethics - 相似文献
110.
Bayesian MCMC Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in a Half-sib Design: a Graphical Model Perspective
N.A. Sheehan B. Gulbrandtsen M.S. Lund D.A. Sorensen 《Revue internationale de statistique》2002,70(2):241-267
Graphical models provide a powerful and flexible approach to the analysis of complex problems in genetics. While task-specific software may be extremely efficient for any particular analysis, it is often difficult to adapt to new computational challenges. By viewing these genetic applications in a more general framework, many problems can be handled by essentially the same software. This is advantageous in an area where fast methodological development is essential. Once a method has been fully developed and tested, problem-specific software may then be required. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential use of a graphical model approach to genetic analyses by taking a very simple and well-understood problem by way of example. 相似文献