<Emphasis Type="Italic">Guanxi</Emphasis> circle and organizational citizenship behavior: Context of a Chinese workplace

According to leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, good vertical working relations encourage organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) that benefits organizations. But how does supervisor-subordinate guanxi influence employees’ extra-role behaviors in relation to organizational interests? To answer this question, this paper examines a particular structural phenomenon in the context of the Chinese workplace. Guanxi circles (the phenomenon under investigation) are ego-centered guanxi networks with a powerful person at the center. Although a circle leader and his or her group members exchange favors for private goals, they need to actively balance their own interests with the interests of people/groups outside the guanxi circle; so as to maintain a harmonious relationship with the larger network. For this reason, extra-role performance benefiting the larger network is encouraged in the management of a guanxi circle. By studying survey data from China, we demonstrate how a wide variety of circle roles facilitate extra-role performance, and ultimately benefit the organization as a whole. Circle bridges have higher OCB toward organizations (OCB-O) than peripheral members of a circle, who in turn have higher OCB-O than core members of the same circle.     

财政教育支出对中国家庭多维贫困代际传递的影响研究

如何有效阻断多维贫困的代际传递已经成为全面建成小康社会以后的重要议题.经典的代际传递理论认为,教育可以通过促进贫困家庭子代的人力资本积累,从而提高代际流动性以及阻断贫困代际传递.本文利用1991-2015年"中国健康与营养调查"(CHNS)微观数据,构建多层模型考察了财政教育支出对我国家庭多维贫困代际传递的影响和作用机制.研究结果表明,财政教育支出可以弱化家庭多维贫困代际传递的相关性,其中义务教育阶段财政教育支出的减贫效果显著;财政教育支出对低学历家庭子代的减贫效应比高学历家庭更为显著,对农村家庭子代的减贫效应比城镇家庭更为显著.因此,当前通过教育扶贫缓解我国家庭的多维贫困仍有一定的政策空间,政策的重点是完善财政教育发展策略,激发贫困人口的内生动力,形成脱贫致富的可行性能力,打破贫困的代际传递.     

我国银行卡产业运行机制、垄断行为与规制政策

近年来银行卡产业受到世界各国和地区监管部门的广泛关注,许多国家对银行卡产业加强了监管.本文首先分析了银行卡产业的运行机制和我国银行卡收益分配机制,随后对我国银行卡产业利益矛盾和垄断行为进行了重点剖析,最后提出对我国银行卡产业反垄断规制的几点建议.     

A Long-Run Non-Linear Approach to the Fisher Effect

We argue that the empirical failure of the Fisher effect found in the literature may be due to the existence of non-linearities in the long-run relationship between interest rates and inflation. We present evidence that, for the U.S. during the 1960–2004 period, the Fisher relation presents important non-linearities. We model the long-run non-linear relationship and find that an ESTR model for the pre-Volcker era and an LSTR model for the post-Volcker era are able to control for non-linearities and constitute long-run co-integration vectors. Monte Carlo evidence produces support for the hypothesis that non-linearities may also be responsible for the less than proportional coefficients of inflation usually found in the linear specifications.     

Optimal reinsurance under general law-invariant risk measures

In recent years, general risk measures play an important role in risk management in both finance and insurance industry. As a consequence, there is an increasing number of research on optimal reinsurance decision problems using risk measures beyond the classical expected utility framework. In this paper, we first show that the stop-loss reinsurance is an optimal contract under law-invariant convex risk measures via a new simple geometric argument. A similar approach is then used to tackle the same optimal reinsurance problem under Value at Risk and Conditional Tail Expectation; it is interesting to note that, instead of stop-loss reinsurances, insurance layers serve as the optimal solution. These two results highlight that law-invariant convex risk measure is better and more robust, in the sense that the corresponding optimal reinsurance still provides the protection coverage against extreme loss irrespective to the potential increment of its probability of occurrence, to expected larger claim than Value at Risk and Conditional Tail Expectation which are more commonly used. Several illustrative examples will be provided.