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11.
Naoto Yamauchi 《Global Economic Review》2013,42(4):106-128
Nonprofit organizations have long been less visible in Japan than in most other developed countries. But this does not imply that Japan does not have a sizable nonprofit sector. To the contrary, large numbers of Japanese hospitals, universities, social service organizations, and community groups are essentially not‐for‐profit in form. 相似文献
12.
The majority of farmers in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) lack the means to mitigate the impact of risks associated with rainfall and commodity prices due to capital constraints and the imperfect insurance market in these countries. Because most SSA farmers are risk averse, they may be willing to invest in productive assets that can mitigate the impacts of such risks if their capital constraints are relaxed through external financial assistance. We test this hypothesis by using panel data on investment behavior of Nigerian farmers who received financial assistance on productive assets. The empirical results show that farmers facing higher rainfall risks are more likely to invest in irrigation pumps that can mitigate the impact of rainfall risks, while those facing higher risks of white gari price are more likely to invest in milling machines that enable them to process cassava into flour instead of gari, which supports our hypothesis. 相似文献
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Paul E. Yamauchi 《Annals of Tourism Research》1984,11(4):557-572
Although tourism's apparent financial benefit to the Guatemalan economy in terms of earning foreign exchange is well known, there has been little micro-economic research done on how the country's third largest export industry affects individual communities. Therefore, this study compares price and wage data to provide initial leads on how tourism affects the food purchasing power of wage earners in the developing tourist community of Panajachel. Research shows that between 1964 and 1978, tourist-industry demands on local food supplies helped inflate food prices far above wage increases, and contributed to a wage laborer's loss of food-purchasing power. Thus in most cases, wage-labor employment in Panajachel is not efficacious in terms of maintaining or increasing the ability to purchase food. 相似文献
14.
Kazusei Kato Toshiyuki Uemura Yuichi Indo Akira Okada Katsumi Tanabe Shinichi Saito Hitoshi Oguma Hirotaka Yamauchi Eiji Shiomi Madoka Saegusa Kazuyoshi Migita 《Journal of Air Transport Management》2011,17(2):88-93
The paper examines the current account of 41 major airports. When we exclude depreciation costs, only seven airports are profitable. When depreciation is excluded, only three airports are making profits. Airports managed by local governments are very difficult to sustain financially without subsidies. Airports with more than 5.2 million passengers are profitable when depreciation is taken into account, however most local airports have fewer than 2.5 million passengers. When depreciation costs are excluded, airports need at least 2.7 million passengers to be viable. 相似文献
15.
Ichizo Yamauchi 《Futures》1983,15(5):328-341
Until the early 1970s Japanese industry did not employ strategic corporate planning. Rather, a working textbook setting out national industrialization goals provided the basis for government and industrial policy, and its influence persists. Through a historical analysis this article traces the development in the past decade of long-range strategic planning in Japanese R and D, and identifies the distinction between ‘leader’ countries (such as the USA) and ‘follower’ countries (like Japan) as being more vital to understanding Japanese industrial policy/structure and corporate strategy, than cultural factors. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the robustness of the government failure theory. A core feature of the government failure theory is demand heterogeneity. Previous studies have brought into question the robustness of the government failure theory, due to inconsistent results concerning the explanatory power of demand heterogeneity. Therefore, in this paper we revisit this important research agenda using US state level panel data. We find the two‐way fixed effects model a suitable model for testing the government failure theory's robustness and present findings which indicate that observable demand heterogeneity has a positive effect on the size of the nonprofit sector. This paper also empirically examines the relevance of the complementary financing hypothesis in terms of the cooperative nature of the governmental and nonprofit sector relationship; that is where governments delegate the production of quasi‐public goods to the nonprofit sector. 相似文献
17.
The concept of performativity, a central theme in routine dynamics research, suggests that a routine does not first exist as a recognizable phenomenon, and then actions are taken subsequently. On the contrary, actions themselves need to achieve the recognizability of the routine. This paper revisits recognizability in light of routine interdependence and materiality. Focusing on order taking routines at sushi bars, the analysis reveals that participants constantly achieve the beginning of a routine performance by drawing on performances of other routines and materiality, both of which are seemingly unrelated to the focal routine. Prior to routine initiation, much material and embodied work is conducted in order to make the routine recognizable. Once initiated, the routine performance makes subtle use of materiality, allowing participants to engage in a seemingly unrelated routine while they remain subordinately attentive to the focal routine. While a routine appears to exist on its own once it is recognized, the achievement of this recognition relies largely on factors that are not part of the routine. 相似文献
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19.
Employment Systems in Japan's Financial Industry: Globalization,Growing Divergence and Institutional Change 下载免费PDF全文
Mari Yamauchi 《英国劳资关系杂志》2016,54(3):522-551
This article examines growing divergence and change in the employment systems of Japan's financial industry from the early 1990s until shortly after the so‐called Lehman Shock. This was a period which saw accelerated deregulation and globalization strongly impact the country's financial markets, leading to intensified competition over human resources. Foreign multinational corporations introduced into Japan's local product and labour markets new global ‘rules of the game’; in response, some native firms were forced to alter core aspects of a traditional employment model. The result was the emergence of diverging patterns of employment. The present study will demonstrate that the interaction of two key factors — national ownership and variation among core products and services offered — is shaping employment diversification, mediated by firms’ individual policies and practices. This research contributes to the debate on the effects of globalization on the divergence and change of employment systems. 相似文献
20.
Ngin Chhay Suon Seng Toshiharu Tanaka Akira Yamauchi Editha C. Cedicol Kazuhito Kawakita 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2017,15(1):54-69
Innovation in rice (Oryza sativa) productivity improvement is a major goal for rice research. However, many studies have tended to analyse the various factors that affect productivity separately, while farmers invest their scare resources in farm inputs that impact on multiple factors in the real farm. This study assessed the effectiveness of integrated pest management practised during farmer field school (FFS) training in Cambodia on the production efficiencies, yields and profitability of rice farming. In total, 270 FFSs on rice cultivated in the early wet, wet and dry seasons were randomly selected from three provinces in 3 years to analyse the production practices and productivity using six cost-related factors: seed, planting methods, field management, fertilizer use, pesticide application and harvesting. It was found that yields and profits were significantly higher with the technically recommended practices (TRs) than with traditional farmer practices (FPs). However, the reverse was true for production costs due to the overuse of seed and pesticides in FP, neither of which are correlated with yield increase for both FP and TR. Thus, the FFS approach is a knowledge-intensive field management tool that enables the rational use of farm inputs and that is expected to be highly effective for sustainable rice production improvement. 相似文献