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991.
Grossman and Helpman highlighted a political framework to internalize inefficiency incurred due to unilateral trade policy implementation by sovereign countries. This paper extensively adopts their framework to explore the effects of special interest politics on governments under negotiation to forge international environmental standards to control global emission. Particular attention is given to a case in which negotiation is driven by transferring the abatement technology. Within a specific factor model of international trade, improving the abatement efficiency through technology transfer can give the most mutually beneficial outcome, achieving the lowest level of global pollution compared to other political benchmarks. 相似文献
992.
Jasmine Siu Lee Lam 《NETNOMICS》2010,11(1):33-46
Ship routing and scheduling is an important activity for ship operators at both planning and operation levels. Ship operators,
as commercial entities, have to closely monitor routing and scheduling in relation to their financial implications. This paper
presents an integrated approach for port selection, ship scheduling and financial analysis. It aims to discuss the architecture
and the major features of an integrated intelligent system for liner shipping. Currently many liners still perform ship routing
and scheduling manually based on professional knowledge and experience. The proposed system is developed with an international
liner company and is flexible to account for user inputs according to the real situation in the port selection module. Also
the system provides two modes in the scheduling module: automatic and manual. The automatic mode makes use of an optimisation
model to find the optimal proforma schedule (PFS). The manual mode allows manual modifications to be performed to accommodate
the existing liners to allow for a smooth implementation. The financial analysis module examines the financial consequences
of the PFS which are crucial for making commercial decisions. As a whole, the solution algorithm calls for an integrated approach
that can integrate data from various sources with different levels of certainties and accuracies, knowledge gained from practical
operations and optimisation routines. The system will be useful for ship operators in liner shipping. 相似文献
993.
This paper purports to estimate the characteristics of women who had experiences of abortion in 1991 based on an economic model of fertility. The study makes use of a national survey on the knowledge of, attitude towards, and practice of family planning and reproductive health among married women in Taiwan. The results show that older women with higher family income and who live in urban areas were more likely to have the pregnancy terminated. In addition, the decision to have an abortion was negatively correlated with prior pregnancy loss, but positively associated with the number of previous live births. On the other hand, the availability of abortion services as measured by the number of legal abortion providers at city and county levels had a negative effect on the demand for abortions. The local female unemployment rate was found to be positively correlated with the woman's decision to have an abortion. 相似文献
994.
W. Lee Hansen 《The Journal of economic education》2013,44(3):231-242
The case for adopting a proficiencies approach to instruction and learning in the economics major is reiterated. This approach focuses on what graduating majors should be able to do with the knowledge and skills they acquire in the major, that is, their ability to demonstrate their learning in practical ways. The author's list of five proficiencies, advanced in the mid-1980s, is reviewed and revised; one additional proficiency is added and several others are refined. The author discusses the emphasis given to these proficiencies with top economics undergraduates at two major research universities, the author's experience with incorporating these proficiencies into his instruction, and the challenge of assessing the ability of economics majors to demonstrate these proficiencies. 相似文献
995.
This paper examines the optimal output taxes for polluting oligopolists under endogenous market structure, in the presence of external costs that vary exogenously with aggregate output. For general functional forms, we show that (i) the equilibrium number of firms in an industry may differ from the socially optimal number of firms and (ii) the second-best optimal taxes under imperfect competition could be less than, equal to, or greater than marginal external damages depending upon the curvature of market demand. 相似文献
996.
Bill Lee 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》2000,12(2):213-228
In contrast to arguments that flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) are highly versatile configurations that are only prevented from machining a wide range of parts by extrinsic constraints, this article contends that FMS are a genre of configurations that combine flexibility and intrinsic constraints in a variety of permutations, depending on a user's intended objectives. Empirical evidence is used to identify the factors that shape the levels of constraint in particular FMS and to identify instances where intrinsic constraints impede performance. Suggestions are made for initiatives to facilitate the continued use of FMS with the highest levels of intrinsic constraints that have hitherto hindered performance when the FMS users' manufacturing needs changed. Occupational structures that promote a polarization between staff with engineering knowledge and those responsible for defining general strategic objectives are suggested as a potential obstacle to such initiatives. 相似文献
997.
An examination of selected marketing mix elements and brand equity 总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46
Boonghee Yoo Naveen Donthu Sungho Lee 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2000,28(2):195-211
This study explores the relationships between selected marketing mix elements and the creation of brand equity. The authors
propose a conceptual framework in which marketing elements are related to the dimensions of brand equity, that is, perceived
quality, brand loyalty, and brand associations combined with brand awareness. These dimensions are then related to brand equity.
The empirical tests using a structural equation model support the research hypotheses. The results show that frequent price
promotions, such as price deals, are related to low brand equity, whereas high advertising spending, high price, good store
image, and high distribution intensity are related to high brand equity.
Boonghee Yoo (Ph.D., Georgia State University) is an assistant professor of marketing at St. Cloud State University. His research interests
include brand equity, cross-cultural scale development, service quality, retail productivity, Internet marketing, and marketing
methodology. He has published previously in theJournal of Retailing, theJournal of Business Research, theJournal of Business & Industrial Marketing, theJournal of Service Research, and theJournal of Marketing Channels.
Naveen Donthu (Ph. D., University of Texas, Austin) is a professor of marketing at Georgia State University. His research interests center
on research methodology, site selection models, comparative and outdoor advertising, brand equity, Hispanic consumer research,
cross-cultural issues, and customer satisfaction. His work has appeared in journals such asMarketing Science, theJournal of Marketing Research, theJournal of Consumer Research, theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, theJournal of Advertising, theJournal of Advertising Research, theJournal of Retailing, and theJournal of Business Research.
Sungho Lee (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is an assistant professor of marketing at the University of Seoul, South
Korea. His research focuses on understanding consumers’ cognitive processing of brand and price information, brand extension
and brand equity, and advertising-driven persuasion processes. He has published previously inAdvances in Consumer Research, Asia-Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, Academy of Marketing Science-World Marketing Congress,
Korean Marketing Review, andKorean Management Review. 相似文献
998.
Ka-Ho Mok Linda Wong Grace O. M. Lee 《International Journal of Human Resource Management》2013,24(3):399-415
As China enters the twenty-first year of reform, the success of its economic policies has been widely recognized. But what is also true is that economic reforms initiated in the past decades, particularly the restructuring of state-owned enterprises, have inevitably marginalized state workers - the 'masters of socialist China'. Workers in private and non-state sectors might have benefited from the economic reforms but state workers of most state-owned enterprises feel bitterly left behind. The aim of this article is to examine the perception of state workers of the causes of organizational difficulties, their worries in face of redundancy and their coping strategies. Observations made in this study are based on field interviews and questionnaire survey of 649 state workers in Beijing, Shenyang and Zhejiang from 1996 to 1999. 相似文献
999.
1000.
This paper examines the degree to which the learning by doing (LBD) externality calls for an undervalued exchange rate. We obtain mixed results. For an economy where the LBD externality operates in the traded sector, real exchange rate undervaluation may be used to internalize this externality, if the LBD calls for subsidizing employment in the traded sector. If the LBD externality is embodied in aggregate investment, the optimal policy calls for subsidizing the cost of capital in the traded sector, and there is no room for undervalued exchange rate policy. 相似文献