全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15278篇 |
免费 | 390篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2938篇 |
工业经济 | 1297篇 |
计划管理 | 2565篇 |
经济学 | 3244篇 |
综合类 | 159篇 |
运输经济 | 120篇 |
旅游经济 | 270篇 |
贸易经济 | 2281篇 |
农业经济 | 712篇 |
经济概况 | 2078篇 |
信息产业经济 | 1篇 |
邮电经济 | 3篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 103篇 |
2020年 | 170篇 |
2019年 | 222篇 |
2018年 | 325篇 |
2017年 | 309篇 |
2016年 | 289篇 |
2015年 | 201篇 |
2014年 | 334篇 |
2013年 | 1606篇 |
2012年 | 451篇 |
2011年 | 458篇 |
2010年 | 439篇 |
2009年 | 511篇 |
2008年 | 439篇 |
2007年 | 372篇 |
2006年 | 350篇 |
2005年 | 287篇 |
2004年 | 303篇 |
2003年 | 302篇 |
2002年 | 288篇 |
2001年 | 291篇 |
2000年 | 328篇 |
1999年 | 287篇 |
1998年 | 265篇 |
1997年 | 276篇 |
1996年 | 255篇 |
1995年 | 234篇 |
1994年 | 230篇 |
1993年 | 271篇 |
1992年 | 245篇 |
1991年 | 251篇 |
1990年 | 237篇 |
1989年 | 220篇 |
1988年 | 208篇 |
1987年 | 187篇 |
1986年 | 216篇 |
1985年 | 293篇 |
1984年 | 269篇 |
1983年 | 270篇 |
1982年 | 225篇 |
1981年 | 222篇 |
1980年 | 241篇 |
1979年 | 201篇 |
1978年 | 172篇 |
1977年 | 165篇 |
1976年 | 144篇 |
1975年 | 131篇 |
1974年 | 111篇 |
1973年 | 111篇 |
1972年 | 84篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 203 毫秒
151.
How Fast Do Banks Adjust? A Dynamic Model of Labor-Use with an Application to Swedish Banks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kumbhakar Subal C. Heshmati Almas Hjalmarsson Lennart 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2002,18(1):79-102
This paper deals with a dynamic adjustment process in which adjustment of a key variable input (labor) towards its desired level is modeled in a panel data context. The partial adjustment type model is extended to make the adjustment parameter both firm- and time-specific by specifying it as a function of firm- and time-specific variables. Desired level of labor use is represented by a labor requirement function, which is a function of outputs and other firm-specific variables. The catch-up factor is defined as the ratio of actual to desired level of employment. Productivity growth is then defined in terms of a shift in the desired level of labor use and the change in the catch-up factor. Swedish banking data is used as an application of the above model. 相似文献
152.
Schumpeter 1911: Farsighted Visions on Economic Development 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Markus C. Becker & Thorbjørn Knudsen 《American journal of economics and sociology》2002,61(2):387-403
This paper presents to the English-speaking reader a sample of material contained only in Schumpeter's first German edition (1911) of Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung , material subsequently omitted from later German editions and from the English translation. The newly-translated material, presented here for the first time in English, comprises a substantial part of the second chapter, only available in a completely rewritten version, and fully half of the famous seventh chapter, which has not been previously available at all in English. This material merits attention today because it contains remarkable and farsighted visions on economic theory that may inspire current efforts to devise models of economic and social evolution. In order to better appreciate the original text, we briefly introduce the "background" to Theorie and its revisions, briefly describing the social and intellectual environment of the time. We then discuss how the entrepreneur evolved over the three editions of Theorie (from 1911 to 1934) in view of the shift in Schumpeter's personal and intellectual life and outline the most important implications raised by the first German edition of 1911. Finally, we use Schumpeter's own statements to settle the obstinate confusion on the publication year of Theorie in favour of the year 1911. 相似文献
153.
Applying efficiency measurement techniques to the measurement of productivity change 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
C. A. Knox Lovell 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》1996,7(2-3):329-340
Deterministic frontier analysis (DFA), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are alternative analytical techniques designed to measure the efficiency of producers. All three techniques were originally developed within a cross-sectional context, in which the objective is to compare the efficiencies of producers. More recently all three techniques have been extended for use in a panel data context. In the latter context it is possible to measure productivity change, and to decompose measured productivity change into its sources, one of which is efficiency change. However when efficiency measurement techniques, particularly SFA, have been applied to panel data, it has infrequently been made clear what the objective of the analysis is: the measurement of efficiency, which may vary through time as well as across producers, or the measurement and decomposition of productivity change. In this paper I explore the use of each technique in a panel data context. I find DFA and DEA to have achieved a more satisfactory reorientation toward productivity measurement than SFA has. 相似文献
154.
Ekkehart Boehmer Gary C. Sanger Sanjay B. Varshney 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2004,28(1):117-131
Given the decision to create a second class of stock through a dual-class structure, we propose that management is more (less)
likely to create a liquid secondary market for both classes of shares the lower (higher) its willingness to tie its personal
wealth to firm performance. If market makers recognize this relation, they should assign a higher likelihood to trades motivated
by superior information in shares of firms that list both classes of stock and a lower likelihood for firms that list only
one class of stock pursuant to recapitalization. Additionally, they should assign a lower likelihood to trades motivated by
superior information in shares of IPOs that choose a dual-class structure and list only one class relative to IPOs that remain
single-class. Our empirical tests based on IPOS and recaps between 1985 and 1988 provide support for these propositions. 相似文献
155.
C. Robert Clark Ignatius J. Horstmann 《Journal of Economics & Management Strategy》2005,14(2):377-401
Many advertised products are established and have little quality variation. For these products advertising signaling explanations are unconvincing. We develop a coordination model of advertising with consumers observing ads probabilistically and never observing advertising levels. Consumers who fail to see an ad for a product believe it will likely have low sales and so be of low value. Firms advertise to avoid these beliefs. The model's predictions on advertising, market share, and profitability are consistent with observed outcomes. The model produces the time series behavior for prices and market share observed in the data and not available from existing coordination models. 相似文献
156.
Speaking Up in the Operating Room: How Team Leaders Promote Learning in Interdisciplinary Action Teams 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Amy C. Edmondson 《Journal of Management Studies》2003,40(6):1419-1452
ABSTRACT This paper examines learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Research on team effectiveness has focused primarily on single-discipline teams engaged in routine production tasks and, less often, on interdisciplinary teams engaged in discussion and management rather than action. The resulting models do not explain differences in learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Members of these teams must coordinate action in uncertain, fast-paced situations, and the extent to which they are comfortable speaking up with observations, questions, and concerns may critically influence team outcomes. To explore what leaders of action teams do to promote speaking up and other proactive coordination behaviours – as well as how organizational context may affect these team processes and outcomes – I analysed qualitative and quantitative data from 16 operating room teams learning to use a new technology for cardiac surgery. Team leader coaching, ease of speaking up, and boundary spanning were associated with successful technology implementation. The most effective leaders helped teams learn by communicating a motivating rationale for change and by minimizing concerns about power and status differences to promote speaking up in the service of learning. 相似文献
157.
158.
Marshall Gramm C. Nicholas McKinney Douglas H. Owens Matt E. Ryan 《American journal of economics and sociology》2007,66(3):465-491
A bstract . This paper is an analysis of the demand for thoroughbred racetrack wagers, examining evidence that would support the existence of two types of bettors: the risk-averse informed bettor versus the uninformed bettor. Looking at 12 major racetracks over the fall of 2002, we undertake an empirical examination of the determinants of bettors' preferences for particular wagers on specific races. The goal is to try to determine what individual aspects of a race (conditions, surface, participants, etc.) will encourage increased wagering dollars. With the advent of simulcasting, the competition for the wagering dollar is fierce, as the bettor can choose from more than 100 races daily, each race offering numerous betting options. We find for most wagers that higher quality participants, larger and more competitive fields, and turf races increase betting volume while higher pari-mutuel takeout, poor track conditions, and other races run concurrently reduce volume. However, more competitive fields reduce betting volume in the show and trifecta pools. Optimal field size is determined to be between 10 and 12 betting interests. Overall, we find support for the existence of a significant share of risk-averse informed bettors. 相似文献
159.
In this paper we construct all possible orthogonal arrays OA(18,q, 3,2) with 18 runs and 3 ≤ q ≤ 7 columns and present those that are nonisomorphic. A discussion on the novelty and the superiority of many of the designs
found in terms of isomorphism and generalized minimum aberration has been made.
相似文献
160.
The linkage between development and health is clearly spelt out in the definition of primary health care by the World Health Organisation. There is a widespread and growing disillusionment with the traditional Western approach to health care which fails to meet the real demands of the Third World situation.
This paper looks briefly at conditions in the developing world and the strategy proposed by the W H O to attempt to meet the objective of health for all by the year 2000 and refers to the South African situation. 相似文献