浅议高校科研管理的网络化实现途径

科研管理工作是高校管理工作的重要组成部分,利用计算机和网络技术对高校科研活动进行交互式管理是信息时代发展的必然趋势.本文从如何利用网络途径加强科研信息的交流与共享、营造科研管理的规范环境、提高科研管理的有效性和时效性、改善科研管理的评估和预测几方面入手,初步探讨了改进传统科研管理模式,实现科研管理现代化的几种网络化方案.     

制度和政策不确定性下的创新决策与经济增长过程

构建"2+1"部门内生创新模型,考量政策的连续性和制度的稳定性对经济增长产生影响.结果表明:由于创新活动具有极大的风险性质,初期需要巨大投入,而回报分散在漫长的未来时间,因而未来面临的各种制度和政策变化都会影响到创新成果的现值,从而不利于鼓励研发部门将资源投入创新活动.更重要的是,由于政府部门需要实现多重政策目标,这意味着鼓励创新的目标可能受到牵制,从而增加了创新活动未来收益的不确定性.因此,要促进创新活动,必须为研发部门提供一个可以稳定预期的未来制度与政策环境.     

Short Positions in the First Principal Component Portfolio

Insurance companies and pension plans typically hold well-diversified equity portfolios. These institutions are also often restricted from taking short positions. The diversification requirement operates on the portfolio level, while the short sale constraint is at the individual security level. We examine an investment strategy that exposes a tension between these two requirements. This strategy uses the first principal component to construct the portfolio and by design meets the first requirement. Empirical portfolios based on the first principal component do an excellent job of capturing market exposure and minimizing diversifiable risk. However, in practice such portfolios sometimes contain a few short positions. So this strategy does not always meet the second requirement. We examine which features of stock returns give rise to short positions when a portfolio is based on the first principal component, and we are able to identify the characteristics of the stocks that are responsible for the short positions. These stocks tend to have negative correlations with the majority of other stocks. In contrast such stocks would typically be held long in a Markowitz portfolio. We discuss and explain this puzzle.     

How Do Institutional Investors Affect Corporate Performance? Evidence from Private Placements in China

Using data on private placements in China from 2007 to 2014, we show that abnormal returns of issuing companies’ stocks are significantly positive on the announcement day, but they become significantly negative during the event window [?20, +20]. Participation by institutional investors has a significant and negative impact on the short-term stock returns. This negative effect is also present in issuing companies’ long-term stock returns and profitability. Furthermore, we find that participation by institutional investors reduces dividend payments after private placements. Overall, our findings do not support the monitoring hypothesis of institutional investors’ role in corporate finance but are consistent with the management entrenchment hypothesis and shareholder pessimism hypothesis.     

欧美集装箱多式联运经验对中国联运发展的启示

在中国,多式联运(Multimodal Transport)被定义为联运经营者为委托人实现两种或两种以上运输方式的全程运输,以及提供相关运输物流辅助服务的活动.与欧美相比在中国仅使用Multimodal,强调一个承运人承担全程运输.其分为海铁联运、铁水联运、公铁联运、陆空联运等多种形式,也可按范围覆盖分为内陆多式联运和国际多式联运.     

税制变革、人口增长及其对中国历史演进的长期影响——基于“两税法”前后的考察

正确认识中国历史上的人口增长对理解中国经济与社会的长期变迁具有十分重要的意义.文章使用现代经济学的分析方法对中国历史上税制变革的人口效应及其长期影响进行了分析.研究表明,不但税额的变化对人口增长有很重要的影响,而且税制结构的变化也是影响人口数量的一个重要因素:(1)当税额给定时,丁税占比与长期人口水平负相关,与稳态人均产出以及稳态家庭收入正相关;(2)当税收结构给定时,税额与长期人口水平负相关,与稳态人均产出正相关,对家庭收入的长期影响则取决于丁税占比和劳动产出弹性的大小.结合历史上赋役变化的具体情况,我们预测两税法以来的税制变革倾向于释放更多的人口,并引起劳动生产率的长期下降,但是,稳态人口水平的提高却为两宋以后王朝寿命的延长提供了经济基础.文章对于分析当代税收的长期经济效应以及研究税收调整和税制改革也具有一定的启示.     

Information congruity in scarcity appeal: A structural equation modeling study of time-limited promotions

Although market scarcity such as time restriction is widely used in retail advertisements, its impact on product message processing and product evaluation is still subject to controversy. In this study, analyses through structural equation modeling indicated that (i) scarcity had no impact on product message processing, (ii) scarcity had a direct impact on product evaluation as a heuristic cue when the value inferred from scarcity was congruous with the worth derived from product message, and (iii) scarcity lost its impact on product evaluation when the value inferred from scarcity was incongruous with the worth derived from product message, and the incongruity prompted scrutiny of product message, resulting in a mediated impact of product message on product evaluation through product message processing. In conclusion, the results supported an information congruity theory of market scarcity.     

知识操纵行为意向影响因素研究

知识（尤其是隐性知识）是员工生存和发展的关键资源，知识权利的不完全性决定了知识交换中不可避免地存在欺骗、偷盗、投机等失范行为。在协同创新过程中，知识型员工既相互合作又彼此竞争。除采取知识共享和知识隐藏两种策略外，员工通常会选择折中的、柔性知识操纵策略管理个体知识。由此，界定知识操纵内涵，剖析其自利性、欺骗性、不确定性和隐蔽性4个特点。在此基础上，选择扎根理论方法，通过对68名知识型员工访谈数据进行编码，构建由本体、主体、客体、载体、动机、环境、契合7个主范畴组成的知识操纵影响因素概念模型。最后，围绕知识操纵治理，提出优化创新任务属性、发挥知识操纵对象能动作用、选择高效知识管理载体、培养员工利他特质、营造协同创新环境、提高员工契合度等启示。     

Late for a very important date: financial reporting and audit implications of late 10-K filings

Delays in financial reports often reflect issues related to period-end accounting and audit processes. We investigate the impact of filing delays in connection with auditor characteristics on the quality of financial statements in a sample of firms that filed Form 10-K after the statutory due date. We find that late filing firms are associated with lower financial reporting quality compared to timely filing firms matched by propensity scores, where financial reporting quality is measured by the absolute value of performance-matched discretionary accruals and the probability of a late filing being restated in subsequent periods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the adverse consequences of late filings can be largely mitigated by having a Big 4 auditor. The differential audit quality stems primarily from Big 4 auditors in large offices and is more pronounced when an auditor may need to draw on additional resources in a limited period.     

中国文化下的绩效和认可

绩效和认可的理念在中国越来越被接受,并且很多企业开始在管理实践中用认可来激励和管理员工。有关绩效与认可的理念是先进和令员工振奋的,但在中国企业实施时,常常会产生"南橘北枳"的无奈。本文探讨了在中国的环境中,和合文化、"圈子"文化、中庸文化、面子文化、"集体本位"文化对于绩效和认可的影响,并且提出了对企业的建议。