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41.
Charles Blackorby Daniel Primont R. Robert Russell 《Journal of Productivity Analysis》2007,28(3):203-208
We show that the Hotelling–Lau elasticity of substitution, an extension of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity to allow for optimal
output-quantity (or utility) responses to changes in factor prices, inherits all of the failings of the Allen–Uzawa elasticity
identified by Blackorby and Russell [(1989) Am Econ Rev 79: 882–888]. An analogous extension of the Morishima elasticity of
substitution to allow for output quantity changes preserves the salient properties of the original Hicksian notion of elasticity
of substitution.
We thank Paolo Bertoletti for drawing our attention to the issue addressed in this paper and for his comments on an earlier
draft. 相似文献
42.
Lisa Daniel 《人力资源》2006,(10):9-11
拓展你的职业生涯,从赢得上司的尊重开始。当人们试图使自己的事业发展更进一步时,许多人将注意力集中到寻找新的雇主、接受更高级的教育和通过专业协会增加自己的交际网络上来。但是,这些方法并不是提升职业生涯的最好方式。对于人力资源从业者,尤其是刚刚开始新的工作或者正处于基层职位的人来说,另一个有效的提升方式是在职发展计划。人力资源从业者可以在工作中磨练重要的技能,并从自己的经理或者主管那里获得职业发展的机会,这其实也是最好的方法之一。 相似文献
43.
This paper explores the impact of copyrights on firm value and on the demand for firm output. Using panel data on franchise value and ticket sales from the National Football League over the 1991–2000 period, we analyze the effect of copyrights (in this case, team logos) using several parametric estimators, the Arellano and Bond [1991. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Review of Economic Studies 58, 277–297] dynamic panel data estimator, and a semi-non-parametric method based on difference-in-differences propensity score matching. We find a negative effect of logo changes on franchise value that is robust across multiple specifications. In addition, logo changes also appear to have a moderate positive, albeit not particularly robust, impact on ticket sales. 相似文献
44.
Synopsis We describe the first effort at creating a global ex-vessel fish price database, which is required for understanding the economic
behavior of participants in the world’s fisheries. We demonstrate potential applications of the database by linking it to
a spatially defined catch database, which makes it possible to attach landed values to species in both time and space. This
is the first database available publicly where interested members of the public, researchers and managers can easily find
and access ex-vessel prices of the world’s major commercial fish species. Preliminary results indicate that the average real
price of a number of species have declined between 1950 and 2002. The estimated landed value of fish globally, in year 2000
dollars, was about US$24 billion in 1950. It increased steadily to about US$90 billion in the early 1970s, reached a peak
of US$100 billion at the end of the 1980s, and declined to about US$80 billion in 2000. The top 15 fishing countries cumulatively
account for 79% of total real landed value, with Japan leading, even though the value of its landings has been declining.
相似文献
45.
Utilizing parametric and nonparametric techniques, we asses the impact of a heretofore relatively unexplored ‘input’ in the educational process, time allocation, on the distribution of academic achievement. Our results indicate that school year length and the number and average duration of classes affect student achievement. However, the effects are not homogeneous – in terms of both direction and magnitude – across the distribution. We find that test scores in the upper tail of the distribution benefit from a shorter school year, while a longer school year increases test scores in the lower tail. Furthermore, test scores in the lower quantiles increase when students have at least eight classes lasting 46–50 min on average, while test scores in the upper quantiles increase when students have seven classes lasting 45 min or less or 51 min or more. 相似文献
46.
Passage of an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) overhaul bill in 1998 reflects the depth of American taxpayer frustration with the agency. We bring a constitutional, or rules of the game, perspective to tax enforcement. We examine political costs and benefits and agency discretion as reasons why tax enforcement by the government might deviate from the preferences of a representative citizen. We also examine prospects for reform. Lasting reform must alter the rules for deciding tax enforcement policy or the political pressures which yield excessive enforcement today will reemerge in the future. 相似文献
47.
In this paper we introduce a complete duality theory based on directional distance functions. This duality theory parallels the duality theory based on radial distance functions in Färe and Primont (1995). 相似文献
48.
Gregory L. Poe Jeremy E. Clark Daniel Rondeau William D. Schulze 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,23(1):105-131
Past field validity tests of contingent valuation have relied on voluntary contribution mechanisms to elicit actual willingness to pay, and may overestimate hypothetical bias because of free riding in the actual contributions. This paper argues that provision point mechanisms are a preferred alternative for field validity tests of contingent valuation because they increase the proportion of demand revealed in cases in which public goods can be provided in a step function. The results of a contingent valuation validity study of participation in a green electricity pricing program that uses a provision point mechanism are reported, and hypothetical open-ended and dichotomous choice responses are compared to actual participation. Calibration of hypothetical responses is also explored. 相似文献
49.
Coping with Technological Change: The Role of Ability in Making Inequality so Persistent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study provides an explanation to the evolution of wage inequality over the last 30 years and supports this explanation with evidence. A faster rate of technological progress introduces new unknown elements at the workplace. The need to cope with the unknown accentuates the role of ability and thus increases wage inequality within and between education groups. Inasmuch as education is an irreversible investment project the rise in within group inequality BOOSTS UP the rise of between group inequality. Guided by this theory we turn to the PSID for evidence. Using parents' education to approximate child's ability we show the following set of results: (a) Controlling for education of the child, parents' education contributed much more in the 1980s to his wage growth than in the 1970s. (b) The correlation between the parents' and the child's education increases from the 1970s to the 1980s. (c) The return to college education for an individual with no ability rents did not change—it remains steady at the 23 percent. (d) Facts (a)–(c) CANNOT be attributed to the impact of parent's income. It is parents' education and not parents' income that is more relevant for son's economic outcomes in the 1980s. 相似文献
50.
In the recent decade, there has been observed across the Central and Eastern European states the regulatory trend towards the increase of the non-financial (first) pension pillar size at the expense of the financial (second) pillar. It tends to question the consequences of this shift for the future retirement benefits. Applying the portfolio approach we address this issue by running a series of simulations to find out how to allocate pension contributions between both pillars in an optimal way. Our study contributes to the existing literature as follows. First, we do not perform the assessment of the predetermined regulatory solutions, but we look for an optimal one. Moreover, we allow our optimal rule to be time-varying, if necessary, which would be a true novelty in this research area. Second, we do not base our estimates on historical trends; rather, we apply the long-term economy’s projection to account for the society’s ageing impact, which is a crucially important factor for the solvency of the pension system. Adapting some of the simulation assumptions to fit the Polish case, our results confirm that current regulations underestimate the role of the capital pillar and the optimal allocation between both pillars should be time-varying. 相似文献