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991.
Marcus Schmidt 《Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services》2012,19(1):36-44
The paper addresses consumers' shopping lists. The current study is based on a survey of 871 lists collected at retail grocery stores. Most items on shopping lists appear on the product category level rather than the brand level. The importance of the brand level varies considerably across product categories. An association between the frequency of a brand's appearance on lists and the amount of money spent on advertising the brand could not be found. A strong link between brands, prices and store names is revealed. Price in the majority of cases refers to brands rather than to product categories. The paper ends with a discussion and with suggestions for future research. 相似文献
992.
Marcus NOLAND 《Asian Economic Policy Review》2012,7(1):20-42
South Korea is arguably the premier development success story of the last half century. Rapid growth coincided with extensive state interventions in the economy, and considerable controversy exists as to how much this performance should be credited to the country's state‐led development strategy and to what extent the lessons from that experience might be portable or applied elsewhere. The salience of this issue has grown as South Korea has become a more important provider of development assistance and advice. Now the country faces challenges in maintaining its superior economic performance, notably interrelated problems revolving around the country's demographics, long‐term fiscal position, and lagging productivity in the services sector domestically, and a taxing environment externally. Finally, the country confronts scenarios involving potential instability, collapse, and/or absorption of its neighbor, North Korea. 相似文献
993.
Abstract Establishing existence and characterizing equilibria are both important achievements in the study of auctions. However, we recognize that equilibria existence results form the basis for well accepted characterizations. In this survey, we review the landmark results and highlight open questions regarding equilibria existence and characterizations in auctions. In addition, we review the standard assumptions underlying these results, and discuss the suitability of the Nash equilibrium solution concept. We focus our review on single‐object auctions, but also review results in multi‐unit, divisible, combinatorial and double auctions. 相似文献
994.
The resource‐based view on firm diversification, subsequent to Penrose ( 1959 ), has focused primarily on the fungibility of resources across domains. We make a clear analytical distinction between scale free capabilities and those that are subject to opportunity costs and must be allocated to one use or another, thereby shifting the discourse back to Penrose's ( 1959 ) original argument regarding the stock of organizational capabilities. The existence of resources and capabilities that must be allocated across alternative uses implies that profit‐maximizing diversification decisions should be based upon the opportunity cost of their use in one domain or another. This opportunity cost logic provides a rational explanation for the divergence between total profits and profit margins. Firms make profit‐maximizing decisions to increase total profit via diversification when the industries in which they are currently competing become relatively mature. Due to the spreading of these capabilities across more segments, we may observe that firms' profit‐maximizing diversification actions lead to total profit growth but lower average returns. The model provides an alternative explanation for empirical observations regarding the diversification discount. The self‐selection effect noted in recent work in corporate finance may not be indicative of inferior capabilities of diversifying firms but of the limited opportunity contexts in which these firms are operating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
995.
We report experiments studying mixed strategy Nash equilibria that are theoretically stable or unstable under learning. The Time Average Shapley Polygon (TASP) predicts behavior in the unstable case. We study two versions of Rock-Paper-Scissors that include a fourth strategy, Dumb. The unique Nash equilibrium is identical in the two games, but the predicted frequency of Dumb is much higher in the game where the NE is stable. Consistent with TASP, the observed frequency of Dumb is lower and play is further from Nash in the high payoff unstable treatment. However, Dumb is played too frequently in all treatments. 相似文献
996.
Daniel B. Klein 《American journal of economics and sociology》2012,71(5):1250-1272
Do economists reach a conclusion on a given policy issue? One way to answer the question is to survey economists at large. Another is to look at the published judgments of economists who have gone on the record. Relative to an anonymous survey, going on the record makes for much greater accountability, and presumably more personal responsibility. I discuss 11 studies of economists’ published judgments. Several of them show greater support for liberalization than found among economists at large. This is offered as evidence of what I call the forsaken‐liberty syndrome. I discuss the nature of this test of such syndrome and point to some of the larger questions to which it relates. 相似文献
997.
Daniel Wai-Wah Cheung 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2000,27(5&6):761-776
This paper employs the technique of variance decomposition and impulse response functions to examine the dynamic nature of stock market volatility relationships among six major countries during the pre, around, and post October 1987 crash period. During the period around the crash, the US stock market volatility explains much better the variations of the stock market volatility of Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore and the UK. Our findings clearly indicate that the crash originated in the US and then spread to other major stock markets. 相似文献
998.
999.
Daniel L. Householder Barbara Bolin 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》1993,3(2):5-18
Summary Many programs in the United States have undertaken to show the benefits to students of integrating academic disciplines. The TEC-Lab project, however, is unique among them because of its innovative approach. First, the TEC-Lab students are in senior high school, grades 9 to 12, while most innovative efforts are concentrated at the elementary and middle school levels. Second, the TEC-Lab approach uses technology as a means of meeting the usual academic requirements, rather than attempting to integrate the other academic areas into technology. The difference between these two approaches is subtle but profound.The first semester of the project was fraught with problems as equipment deliveries were late and installation difficulties delayed implementation even further. There was too little time to provide adequate teacher preparation. The students' lack of familiarity with the technologies in the TEC-Lab complicated implementation.It is actually remarkable that these serious implementation problems apparently had little negative effect on the achievement levels of the students in the project. The lack of significant differences between the TEC-Lab and comparison classes in physical science and geometry in January, 1992 gave an early indication that immersion in the TEC-Lab environment was not disadvantageous to students. The comparisons made in May, 1992 of all TEC-Lab and comparison classes identified only one significant difference in achievement levels, when the TEC-Lab technology class achieved significantly better than the comparison technology class. This difference may well be explained by the overlap between the subject matter of the course and the technologies in use in the TEC-Lab.The changes in student attitudes towards technology during the academic year are particularly provocative. Participation in the TEC-Lab project, whether in one of the TEC-Lab classes or in one of the comparison classes taught by the TEC-Lab teachers, resulted in positive changes in attitude toward technology. The shift was consistent, appearing in each of the factors as well as the overall attitude scale. 相似文献
1000.