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1.
Ronald MacDonald 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》1994,21(1):65-76
In this paper the efficiency of the UK stock market is examined using the FT Ordinary share price and dividend indices for the period January 1947 to June 1987. In particular, we examine the validity of the present value model of stock prices using a vector error correction model (VECM). Amongst the findings reported in the paper are that stock prices and dividends are cointegrated and the cross-equation restrictions imposed on the VECM are strongly rejected. 相似文献
2.
Two of the main forces driving European emigration in the late nineteenth century were real wage gaps between sending and receiving regions and demographic booms in the low‐wage sending regions. Our new estimates of net migration for the countries of sub‐Saharan Africa show that exactly the same forces driving African across‐border migration are at work today. The results suggest that rapid growth in the cohort of potential young emigrants, population pressure on the resource base, and slow economic growth are likely to intensify the pressure for migration out of Africa and into high‐wage OECD countries over the next two decades. 相似文献
3.
Traditional methods of estimating market volatility use daily return observations from a stock index to calculate monthly variance. We break with tradition and estimate stock market volatility using the daily, cross-sectional standard deviation of returns for all firms trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange. We find a significantly positive relation between risk and return. Market volatility is estimated to be about half the volatility level previously reported. The intraday, cross-sectional market volatility measure provides findings consistent with risk-return theory. 相似文献
4.
Practice rights legislation in Canada continues to be contested 50 years after its first enactment. In Ontario, one of the earliest provinces to enact restrictive legislation, the challenges have focused on how the legislation has been implemented rather than on whether or not public accounting should be regulated. To better understand the contested issues in this field, we examine the process undertaken by the Public Accountants Council of Ontario to implement the Public Accountancy Act of 1950. Our analysis is based on the first 15 years of the minutes of the meetings of the Public Accountants Council for Ontario, augmented by other archival sources such as court cases, newspaper clippings, correspondence and reports. Our intent is to document the process and “logic of appropriateness” used by the Council to construct its identity and stake out its “regulatory space” in the face of the ambiguity of the law and pressure from interest groups. We also identify the contradictions that were institutionalized in this field resulting in repeated challenges to the Council. We conclude by relating the historical insights from this analysis to the continuing challenges to practice rights legislation in Ontario. 相似文献
5.
Catching up: The role of demand, supply and regulated price effects on the real exchange rates of four accession countries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main aim of this paper is to examine the exchange rate behaviour of a group of four transitional, EU accession countries, with a view to making policy recommendations regarding their full accession to the European Monetary Union. We employ a dynamic OLS panel estimator to investigate the relative importance of demand and supply influences on the exchange rates of these countries. Our analysis shows that both supply‐ and demand‐side effects are important for the accession countries, although their overall effect on inflation differentials and competitiveness seems to be small. An additional focus of the paper is the examination of the role that administrated, or regulated, prices and the productivity of the distribution sector play in the real exchange rate dynamics. Using a unique database we show that administrative prices have been a powerful force behind price and real exchange developments for our group of accession countries. The distribution sector is shown to have an independent effect on the internal price ratio over and above that generated by the Balassa–Samuelson effect. 相似文献
6.
Using a panel of 69 countries during 1981 and 2005, we investigate the role of institutions in determining foreign direct
investment (FDI). We find that institutions are a robust predictor of FDI and that the most significant institutional aspects
are linked to propriety rights. Using a novel data set, we also study the impact of institutions on FDI at the sectoral level.
We find that institutions do not have a significant impact on FDI in the primary sector but that institutional quality matters
for FDI in manufacturing, and particularly in services. 相似文献
7.
In this paper, we re-examine the “PPP Puzzle” using sectoral disaggregated data. Specifically, we first analyse the mean reversion
speeds of real exchange rates for a number of different sectors in 11 industrial economies and then focus on relating these
rates to variables identified in the literature as key determinants of CPI-based real exchange rates, namely: the trade balance, productivity and the mark up. In particular, we seek to understand to what extent the relationships existing at the aggregate level are borne out at the
disaggregate level. We believe that this analysis can help shed light on the PPP puzzle.
相似文献
Ronald MacDonaldEmail: |
8.
Ali McBride Weijia Wang Kim Campbell Sanjeev Balu Karen MacDonald 《Journal of medical economics》2020,23(8):856-863
AbstractAims: For this economic analysis, we aimed to model: (1) the cost-efficiency of prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez for chemotherapy-induced (febrile) neutropenia (CIN/FN) compared to reference pegfilgrastim, and (2) the expanded access to CIN/FN prophylaxis and anti-neoplastic treatment that could be achieved with biosimilar cost-savings on a budget-neutral basis.Methods: In a hypothetical panel of 20,000 cancer patients receiving CIN/FN prophylaxis and using the average sales price (ASP) for the second quarter of 2019 for reference pegfilgrastim, we: conducted an ex ante simulation from the payer perspective of the cost-savings of 10–100% conversion from reference to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez using drug price discounting ranging from 10–35%; estimated the budget-neutral expanded access to biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez enabled by these cost-savings; and estimated the budget-neutral expanded access to anti-neoplastic treatment with pembrolizumab. The simulations were replicated using fourth quarter 2019 wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) for reference pegfilgrastim and biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez in a post facto analysis.Results: In ASP simulations, cost-savings of using pegfilgrastim-bmez over reference pegfilgrastim in a 20,000 patient panel range from $1.3?M (at 15% price discount) to $3?M (35%) at 10% conversion rate and from $6.4?M to $14.9?M, respectively, at 50% conversion. These savings could provide prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim-bmez to an additional 352 (15% discount) to 1,076 patients (35%) at 10% conversion or 1,764–5,384, respectively, at 50% conversion. Alternatively, savings could be reallocated for anti-neoplastic treatment with pembrolizumab to 3 (15% discount) to 9 (35%) patients at 10% conversion or 19–45, respectively, at 50% conversion. When utilizing WAC, cost-savings range from $4.6?M (10% conversion) to $23.1?M (50%) which could provide pegfilgrastim-bmez to an additional 1,174 (10% conversion) to 5,873 patients (50%).Conclusions: Prophylaxis with biosimilar pegfilgrastim-bmez increases the value of cancer care by generating significant cost-savings that could be reallocated to provide expanded access to CIN/FN prevention and anti-neoplastic therapy on a budget-neutral basis. 相似文献
9.
10.
Lee MacDonald Wakeman 《Journal of Accounting and Economics》1980,2(3):213-237
Currently, solutions to the choice of depreciation methods for tax purposes are obtained through numerical simulation. This paper presents a simple capital budgeting technique which, in conjunction with Descartes' rule of signs, analytically derives the optimal regular depreciation method under the existing U.S. tax code. This technique is then used to determine the optimal depreciable life for short-lived assets and, finally, the analysis is extented to cover the choice of depreciation methods under the Class Life Asset Depreciation Range System. 相似文献