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121.
Mildred E. Warner 《Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics》2011,82(4):421-435
ABSTRACT: Inter‐municipal cooperation is now as common among US local governments as for profit privatization. This article uses data from a national survey in 2007 to explore the benefits of cooperation – economies of scale, service coordination across the metropolitan region and greater community control. While privatization reforms have focused on harnessing the benefits of a competitive market, cooperation may be the new frontier where economies of scale and efficiency gains can be achieved with governments working together in a new form of collaborative service delivery. 相似文献
122.
E. Young Song 《Review of International Economics》2011,19(3):494-508
Contrary to the popular belief, specialization is not necessary for gravity equations. This paper shows that the simple gravity equation holds if and only if the market share of an exporting country is constant across all importing countries. Specialization is just one special case satisfying this condition. The constant‐share condition can hold in a variety of situations where multiple producers compete with a homogeneous good. Further, this paper shows that the ratio of bilateral trade to the product of partner incomes is increasing in the extent of specialization and in the intensity of intra‐industry trade. Since the relationship is not model‐specific, the correlations among these variables do not support any specific model. 相似文献
123.
124.
Australian Aborigines' reaction to the disintegration of their traditional culture following western conquest has been marked by a variety of outcomes. While some Aborigines have either accepted or reached a level of accommodation to western ways, others have responded in maladaptive ways. It is the problems of, and policy responses to, dysfunctional Aboriginal groups that are the concern of this paper. We demonstrate that existing programs of development, while necessary steppingstones, address only the symptoms not the cause of the problem. We show that government policies, to date, have failed to recognise the post‐traumatic stress disorder that some Aborigines experience due to western colonization. Government policies that address the symptoms rather than the cause effect the perpetuation of dysfunctional Aboriginal groups. We advocate addressing the psychosocial well‐being of these groups as a priority for government programs aimed at reducing the negative indices that characterise those societies. 相似文献
125.
One major issue in human resource development (HRD) is to determine factors that predict the performance of employees. The primary purpose of this study was to determine how level of education, training, and the working conditions of matatu (public service vehicle) drivers determined their job performance in terms of reduced road traffic accidents. Proportionate and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select 143 drivers who completed and returned the questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses stated. The findings indicate that the variables of driver experience and hours worked had a significant relationship with the dependent variable rates of traffic accidents per driver as hypothesized. The variables of education level, training, salary earned, and average speed traveled did not have a significant relationship with the dependent variable. 相似文献
126.
Wayne E. Ormond Janine L. Keown‐Gerrard Theresa Kline 《Human Resource Development Quarterly》2003,14(1):111-116
This study describes the stress audit process and how it can be effectively linked with stress management workshop development and delivery. Specifically, four stress audits and four workshops based on them were conducted within an organization. Reactions indicated that the stress audit is a valuable tool for trainers. 相似文献
127.
The use of predetermined variables to represent public information and time-variation has produced new insights about asset pricing models, but the literature on mutual fund performance has not exploited these insights. This paper advocates conditional performance evaluation in which the relevant expectations are conditioned on public information variables. We modify several classical performance measures to this end and find that the predetermined variables are both statistically and economically significant. Conditioning on public information controls for biases in traditional market timing models and makes the average performance of the mutual funds in our sample look better. 相似文献
128.
Daniel R. Denison Jane E. Dutton Joel A. Kahn Stuart L. Hart 《Journal of Management Studies》1996,33(4):453-474
This paper explores the relationship between organizational context and the interpretation of strategic issues by examining the hypothesis that CEOs' interpretations of foreign investment in the USA are influenced by the organizational context in which they are embedded. Three aspects of organizational context - the global business experience of the firm; the firm's level of organizational inertia (as represented by firm age and size); and the resources available for responding - are examined as predictors of CEOs' perceptions of foreign investment as a threat or an opportunity. Analysis of data from 320 organizations, controlled by industry, shows that global business experience, firm size, and perceived capability are significant predictors of the perception of threat and opportunity. the discussion addresses the implications of these findings for future research on issue interpretation and organizational context. 相似文献
129.
We examine how to procure health care services at minimum cost while preventing suppliers from refusing to care for high-cost patients. A single risk-adjusted prospective payment is optimal only when it is particularly costly for the supplier to discover likely treatment costs. Cost sharing is optimal when these screening costs are somewhat smaller. When screening costs are sufficiently small, screening is optimally accommodated and subjective risk adjusting is implemented. Under subjective risk adjusting, the supplier classifies patients according to his personal assessment of likely treatment costs, and payments are structured accordingly. Optimal procurement policies are contrasted with prevailing industry policies. 相似文献
130.
Charles E. Mossman Geoffrey G. Bell L. Mick Swartz Harry Turtle 《The Financial Review》1998,33(2):35-54
Four types of bankruptcy prediction models based on financial statement ratios, cash flows, stock returns, and return standard deviations are compared. Based on a sample of bankruptcies from 1980 to 1991, results indicate that no existing model of bankruptcy adequately captures the data. During the last fiscal year preceding bankruptcy, none of the individual models may be excluded without a loss in explanatory power. If considered in isolation, the cash flow model discriminates most consistently two to three years before bankruptcy. By comparison, the ratio model is the best single model during the year immediately preceding bankruptcy. Quasi-jack-knifing procedures suggest that none of the models can reliably predict bankruptcy more than two years in advance. 相似文献