设备点巡检管理系统的应用

通过利用高科技手段加强设备点巡检管理工作,不但解决了生产区域面广、设备分布散等管理不便问题,也提高了设备点巡检工作的效率与质量,为设备正常运行、检查和维护管理等提供了可靠保证。     

试用外部性理论分析生态工业园的经济学机制

运用外部性理论分析解决环境问题的内部化方法.并以工业生态学的实践产物生态工业园为例,从环境经济学角度分析了生态工业园的外部经济性及外部不经济性的内化方法.     

复合软包装胶黏剂应用、研究现状及发展趋势

复合包装胶黏剂在软包装行业快速发展的今天受到了越来越多的重视,其性能、质量直接影响了包装的效果。针对复合软包装胶黏剂黏合性能的影响因素,如膜材料种类、膜材料表面处理方法、复合工艺条件等进行了介绍。软包装胶黏剂的市场应用目前仍以溶剂型聚氨酯类胶黏剂为主,醇基胶黏剂也有少量市场份额,随着健康、安全、环保的观念日益深入人心,水性复合软包装胶黏剂成为人们研究方向,随着技术的不断成熟,其研究应用也会越来越广泛。对复合软包装胶黏剂的应用现状、研究方向和发展趋势做了分析。     

Ethical Leader Behavior and Big Five Factors of Personality

Most research on ethical leadership to date investigates the consequences of ethical leadership rather than its antecedents. Here, we aim to contribute to this field by studying leader personality as a potential antecedent of ethical leader behavior. In two multisource studies, we investigated the relationships between personality traits and ethical leader behavior. Leader personality was measured through self-ratings using the five-factor personality framework. Two subordinates rated their leaders’ ethical behavior. Study 1 used a uni-dimensional Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS). In study 2 we used this scale as well as an instrument distinguishing three different ethical leader behaviors, namely, fairness, role clarification, and power sharing. Further, in study 2 we controlled for the influence of the relationship between leader and followers (LMX). As expected, conscientiousness and agreeableness were most consistently related to ethical leadership. In study 1, after controlling for the other personality traits, conscientiousness related positively with ethical leadership. In study 2, after controlling for other traits and LMX, conscientiousness related positively with ethical leadership and the behavior role clarification, and agreeableness with power sharing and fairness. Also, emotional stability related positively with ethical leadership and role clarification after controlling for LMX. As expected, openness to experience and extraversion were unrelated to ethical leader behaviors.     

Some New Evidence on the Determinants of Large- and Small-Firm Innovation

Empirical analyses presented by Acs and Audretsch suggest differences in the market structure determinants of innovation between large and small firms in U.S. manufacturing. The evidence they offer is ambiguous. By using data for a different country (The Netherlands), a different measure of innovation and a different aggregation level, we offer new evidence, allowing a revaluation of the findings for the U.S. material. Moreover, the influence of the market structure determinants does not appear to differ between a period of sluggish growth (1983) and one of relatively high growth (1989).     

收入分布、户籍地差异与城镇居民牛肉消费基于广义双栏模型的实证研究

[目的]我国社会经济发展已进入追求高质量增长模式的新时代,以牛肉为代表的优质畜产品逐渐成为城镇居民餐桌上的新宠,文章重点研究了中国城镇居民牛肉消费的收入阶层异质性和户籍地差异特征,并模拟分析了收入分布变化对不同户籍类型家庭牛肉消费的影响。[方法]运用广义双栏模型,基于国家统计局的6省区城镇住户微观调查数据,识别了牛肉消费的影响因素并估计了不同收入阶层的牛肉需求的收入弹性,最后基于收入弹性和收入增长率模拟分析收入分布变化的影响效果。[结果]随着我国城镇居民生活水平的提升和畜产品消费结构的升级,未来牛肉需求将会不断扩大;户籍地差异会对居民牛肉消费产生显著影响,户籍制度限制了居民的牛肉消费需求,但收入的增长可弥补部分户籍制度带来的福利差异;缩小收入差距,提升中等收入群体家庭收入的增长模式能够显著增加居民牛肉需求,尤其是提升农民工群体的收入。[结论]未来需要继续通过供给侧改革来应对牛肉需求的激增,扩大中等收入群体并重视农民工群体的发展是全面建成小康社会的关键环节。     

Conceptualizing leadership across cultures

In this article, we summarize research on how the meaning of leadership varies systematically across cultures, and describe the conflict in the literature between the quest for universals and the identification of cultural contingencies in leadership theory. We review the literature on the relationships between cultural dimensions and leadership, and discuss implications of this range of research for management practice.     

Innovation Management Practices Compared: The Example of Project‐Based Firms*

The importance of project‐based firms is increasing, as they fulfill the growing demands for complex integrated systems and knowledge‐intensive services. While project‐based firms are generally strong in innovating their clients' systems and processes, they seem to be less successful in innovating their own products or services. The reasons behind this are the focus of this paper. The characteristics of project‐based firms are investigated, how these affect management practices for innovation projects, and the influence of these practices on project performance. Using survey data of 203 Dutch firms in the construction, engineering, information technology, and related industries, differences in characteristics between project‐based and nonproject‐based firms are identified. Project‐based firms are distinguished from nonproject‐based firms on the basis of organizational configuration, the complexity of the operational process, and the project management capabilities of the firm. Project‐based firms also differ with regard to their level of collaboration and their innovation strategy, but not in the level of autonomy. A comparison of 135 innovation projects in 96 of the firms shows that project‐based firms do not manage their innovation projects different from other firms. However, the effects of specific management practices on project performance are different, particularly the effects of planning, multidisciplinary teams and heavyweight project leaders. Differences in firm characteristics provide an explanation for the findings. The implication for the innovation management literature is that “best” practices for innovation management are firm dependent.     

Computational suite of models with heterogeneous agents: Incomplete markets and aggregate uncertainty

This paper describes the first model considered in the computational suite project that compares different numerical algorithms. It is an incomplete markets economy with a continuum of agents and an inequality (borrowing) constraint.     

I'll have what she's having: (Social) Perceptions of default options and implications for marketing and decision making

The power that default options have in shaping choice has been well established, yet relatively little is known about how decision makers experience and interpret such preselected options. Research suggests that individuals assume defaults represent a recommended course of action, yet the basis for this recommendation is unclear. Across two experimental studies, we explored consumer theories of default recommendations, examining spontaneous and experimentally manipulated perceptions of the basis of the default, and the impact on decision making across different contexts. Evidence across diverse populations and tasks shows that options were retained to a greater extent when represented as the default, consistent with classic default effects. Furthermore, a significant default effect emerged when the decision context was framed as complex. In line with research on social influence, defaults were most effective when they were presumed to reflect the most popular option (regardless of context). Interestingly, participants rated defaults as being more likely to represent the most popular option, regardless of decision context or default explanation provided to them. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the contexts in which default choices are relied upon and how those defaults are perceived by decision makers.