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891.
Abstract We examine whether increased trade with countries with ineffective protection of intellectual property has contributed to the skill‐deepening of the 1980s. We construct an index of effective protection of intellectual property at the country level, combining data on protection of patents and rule of law. Next, we construct an industry‐specific version of this index, using as weights each country's trade share in the total trade of the industry. We find a decline in this trade‐weighted index, owing to a rise in trade with countries with low effective protection of intellectual property, which explains 29% of the rise in within‐industry skill‐intensity. 相似文献
892.
Abstract We examine restructuring, divestiture, and deregulation of a vertically integrated public utility, (e.g., electricity), from a public finance perspective. How an optimal restructuring plan for the utility depends on the cost of public funds and on the X‐efficiency gains from privatization, how the optimal degree of competition in the upstream and downstream segments are connected, and implications of privatization for consumer prices are examined. The higher the cost of public funds, the more likely the post‐privatization price will exceed the regulated public utility price. The greater the X‐efficiency gains from privatization, the more likely the post‐privatization price will fall. 相似文献
893.
Renewable Energy Policies and Technological Innovation: Evidence Based on Patent Counts 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
This paper examines the effect of environmental policies on technological innovation in the specific case of renewable energy.
The analysis is conducted using patent data on a panel of 25 countries over the period 1978–2003. We find that public policy
plays a significant role in determining patent applications. Different types of policy instruments are effective for different
renewable energy sources. Broad-based policies, such as tradable energy certificates, are more likely to induce innovation
on technologies that are close to competitive with fossil fuels. More targeted subsidies, such as feed-in tariffs, are needed
to induce innovation on more costly energy technologies, such as solar power. 相似文献
894.
895.
François Bourguignon 《Journal of Economic Theory》1974,9(2):141-158
This paper generalizes to uncertaintly the neoclassical one-sector model by transforming the basic differential equation on the capital labor ratio into a “stochastic” differential equation. The capital-labor ratio and related economic variables become random variables whose probability distributions vary with time, and the paper is focused on the existence of a steady state denfined by the (probabilistic) stationarity of these variables. An application of the results is given for a specific example with a Cobb-Douglas production function and uncertainty on the saving coefficient, the labor-force rate of growth, and the capital depreciation rate. 相似文献
896.
In a pure exchange economy with two private commodities and one collective externality, a non-tâtonnement process is formulated, which yields a rule for adjusting an effluent charge of the Pigovian type from the level zero (at a laissez-faire equilibrium) up to a level that sustains an optimum. Besides convergence (Theorem 3) and monotonous decrease of the externality (Theorem 2) along a continuous path of price equilibria (Theorem 1), the paper analyses the distributional implications of alternative redistribution schemes for the proceeds of the charge. Various interpretations of the ‘polluters pay’ principle are discussed in conjunction with property rights. 相似文献
897.
898.
Murphy Patrick J. Ferreira João J. Fernandes Cristina I. do Paço Arminda 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2021,17(2):759-777
International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal - We reviewed the literature on institutional forecasters of entrepreneurial action across international settings. Our objective was to explain... 相似文献
899.
In this study, the dynamic relation between global crude oil prices and stock prices is investigated in terms of crude oil-exporting and -importing countries. The relationship between crude oil prices and stock prices is examined for BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) for the periods of January 1995 to December 2016 by means of the Markov Switching Vector Autoregression (MS-VAR) model. The impulse-response analysis results suggest that the responses of the stock market to an oil price shock vary over the regimes for all countries. Specifically, we find that the responses of the stock market to an unexpected oil price shock are positive and statistically significant in the high-volatility regime in all countries except for China, and these results suggest that the increase in oil prices may be evaluated by demand-side shock in these countries. 相似文献
900.
In November 2001, the Canadian province of Ontario amended the private placement regulations considerably to facilitate access
to equity financing by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). To determine the extent to which securities regulation is
an effective constraint on financing of growth corporations, we analyze issue activity before and after this change took effect.
We note an increase in the number of issues, but only a slight increase in the total amounts raised on the private market
following the reform. The average size of the issues has thus decreased. Some of the observed changes can be traced to concurrent
events, namely the burst of the technology bubble and the strong increase in the prices of natural resources, which represent
a major sector in Canada. When we control for various factors that influence issue activity, we observe a statistically significant
effect only on the number of issues by closed corporations, which seems to originate from the non-resource companies. These
results do not rule out the conclusion that the reform eased the issue of small amounts of money by private companies. However,
our results do not confirm the argument that securities regulation is a major constraint to small business finance.
相似文献
Jean-Marc Suret (Corresponding author)Email: |