The Effect of Regulatory Harmonization on Cross‐Border Labor Migration: Evidence from the Accounting Profession

The paper examines whether international regulatory harmonization increases cross‐border labor migration. To study this question, we analyze European Union initiatives that harmonized accounting and auditing standards. Regulatory harmonization should reduce economic mobility barriers, essentially making it easier for accounting professionals to move across countries. Our research design compares the cross‐border migration of accounting professionals relative to tightly matched other professionals before and after regulatory harmonization. We find that international labor migration in the accounting profession increases significantly relative to other professions. We provide evidence that this effect is due to harmonization, rather than increases in the demand for accounting services during the implementation of the rule changes. The findings illustrate that diversity in rules constitutes an economic barrier to cross‐border labor mobility and, more specifically, that accounting harmonization can have a meaningful effect on cross‐border migration.     

Does the cessation of quarterly earnings guidance reduce investors’ short-termism?

The practice of providing quarterly earnings guidance has been criticized for encouraging investors to fixate on short-term earnings and encouraging managerial myopia. Using data from the post–Regulation Fair Disclosure period, we examine whether the cessation of quarterly earnings guidance reduces short-termism among investors. We show that, after guidance cessation, investors in firms that stop quarterly guidance are composed of a larger (smaller) proportion of long-term (short-term) institutions, put more (less) weight on long-term (short-term) earnings in firm valuation, become more (less) sensitive to analysts’ long-term (short-term) earning forecast revisions, and are less likely to dismiss chief executive officers for missing quarterly earnings targets by small amounts, relative to investors in firms that continue to issue quarterly earnings guidance. Our study provides new evidence of the benefit of stopping quarterly earnings guidance, that is, the reduction of short-termism among investors.     

再论经理人股票期权的会计确认

谢德仁和刘文(2002)提出了经理人股票期权会计确认的利润分配观。本文在此基础上进行进一步论证,认为经理人股票期权赠予交易的经济实质是股东为激励经理人而将部分剩余索取权(在财务会计意义上就是利润分配权)让渡给经理人,而不是经理人直接用服务来交换股票期权,经理人股票期权赠予并不以经理人服务的投入为必备前提,经理人股票期权赠予交易内含的价值运动是具有一定价值的剩余索取权(所有者权益)从现有股东那里来,流到经理人处去。因此,在经理人股票期权赠予交易的会计确认上,应将经理人股票期权的对应项目确认为企业的利润分配。     

Financial Exposure and the International Transmission of Financial Shocks

This paper analyzes the transmission mechanism of banking sector shocks in an international real business cycle model with heterogeneous bank sizes. We examine to what extent the financial exposure of the banking sector affects the transmission of foreign banking sector shocks. In our model, the more exposed domestic banks are to the foreign economy via lending to foreign firms, the greater are the spillovers from foreign financial shocks to the home economy. The model highlights the role of openness to trade and the dynamics of the terms of trade in the international transmission mechanism of banking sector shocks: spillovers from foreign banking sector shocks are greater the more open the home economy is to trade and the less the terms of trade respond to foreign shocks.     

Structural equation modeling with ordinal variables: a large sample case study

In the behavioral sciences, response variables are often non-continuous, ordinal variables. Conventional structural equation models (SEMs) have been generalized to accommodate ordinal responses. In this study, three different estimation methods on real data were performed with ordinal variables. Empirical results obtained from the different estimation methods on given real large sample educational data were investigated and compared to recent simulation results. As a result, even very large sample is available, model estimations and fits for ordinal data are affected from inconvenient estimation methods thus it is concluded that asymptotically distribution free estimation method specialized for ordinal variables is more convenient way to model ordinal variables.     

董事的网络关系与公司治理研究述评

董事的个体行为镶嵌在所处的社会网络中,并对其治理行为有效性产生影响,但传统的公司治理研究忽视了网络关系的作用。近几年公司财务和治理领域的国外学者逐渐从社会网络视角对其进行研究。本文则从董事的网络关系定义、董事网络及其公司治理行为和董事-管理层的私人连带关系与公司治理等领域进行综述。研究发现董事倾向于通过现有和以往的职业和教育背景、职位兼任等建立网络关系;董事网络从管理层监督和政策建议制定两个方面对公司治理有效性产生影响,但证据并不统一;董事-管理层的私人连带关系则降低了董事会独立性,成为实现管理层机会主义行为的手段,更多地带来了负面作用。我们认为,现有研究中董事网络关系的定义边界模糊,衡量其网络位置的分析方法较为随意,且并未区分不同类型董事的网络作用差别。基于此本文指出了在"关系型社会"主导下的中国资本市场董事网络关系与公司治理潜在的研究方向,对国内尚未深入的"社会网络和公司治理"研究具有借鉴意义。     

管理层语调能预示公司未来业绩吗?——基于我国上市公司年度业绩说明会的文本分析

本文基于我国上市公司年度业绩说明会的文本数据来研究公司管理层语调是否有助于预测公司未来业绩。我们基于上市公司2005-2012年在全景网召开年度业绩说明会的相关文本数据研究发现,管理层净正面语调与公司T+1年业绩显著正相关,以及管理层正(负)面语调与公司T+1年业绩显著正(负)相关。这些结果说明,在控制了T年公司业绩等因素之后,业绩说明会上的管理层语调仍能够提供关于公司未来业绩的增量信息,也从事后验证的角度表明管理层语调具有较好的可信度。本文的研究发现意味着,管理层披露的文本信息有信息含量且有一定可信度,这对在中国高度依赖语境的文化背景下加强研究了解投资者等是如何挖掘和解读文本信息有重要意义。同时,也说明我国上市公司业绩说明会利用先进信息技术的信息披露实践在一定程度上是有效的。     

Warmer or cooler: the influence of ambient temperature on complex choices

Temperature affects human cognition, emotion, and behavior in important ways, yet exactly how ambient temperature exerts its influences on complex product choices remains largely unknown. In this research, we examine how relatively warm versus cool temperatures, both within a comfortable range and commonly experienced, can affect people’s decision quality in complex choices. In a series of three experiments, we demonstrate that warm (vs. cool) temperatures prompt affective processing, which then leads to better performance in complex choices. Consumers and companies need to take ambient temperature into account to create optimal environments for complex decision-making.     

非公有制企业党组织与企业捐赠

与公有制企业党组织受到较多关注不同,非公有制企业党组织是否真正发挥影响力是同样重要但却被学术界忽略的待研究问题。本文基于手工收集的民营上市公司党组织的相关数据,从社会捐赠这一视角研究党组织影响力对其履行社会责任的影响。结果发现:民营上市公司党组织的影响力越大,企业的社会捐赠力度越大,且显著高于同行业和同地区的平均捐赠水平;这种影响力的促进作用在民营上市公司党组织基础更加稳固的企业、管理层对党组织重视程度更高的企业和党代会时期更加明显。上述结果在控制了可能的内生性问题后依然稳健。本文的发现意味着非公有制企业党组织有助于促进其履行社会责任,这有助于评估和促进非公有制企业党组织的建设及其作用的发挥。     

Shuttling Goods,Weaving Consumer Tastes: Informal Trade between Turkey and Russia

In ‘top down’ conceptualizations of globalization, people often enter the analytical picture merely as resisters to globalization or as receivers of corporate produced goods, messages and ideas. This article, in contrast, focuses on a process in which ‘ordinary’ people are the active makers of global processes and meanings. I describe the transnational trade network between post-Soviet countries and Turkey, in which Western fashions and images get circulated and transformed through the activities of informal entrepreneurs. I thus challenge accounts of globalization in which the dissemination of images is depicted as a top down process originating in corporations located in metropolitan countries. Based on ethnographic evidence collected in Istanbul and Moscow on the informal ‘shuttle trade’, I demonstrate that the mobility of ‘ordinary’ people across borders facilitates the flows of signs and images. Moreover, Western images and fashions get remoulded and acquire new meanings in the process of circulation.