加强创新"源动力"建设促进产学研一体化

众所周知,"创新"一词最早由熊彼德提出,它是一个经济学范畴的概念,创新主要是指企业的创新,或者说企业是创新的主体.创新意味着给企业带来经济效益,而不只是企业的发明创造和技术改造,它说明人类社会生产活动已经进入更高层次:创新不仅仅是生产方式转变(由劳动密集型和资金密集型向技术密集型和知识密集型的转变),而且也是人们观念上的一次重大变革,即重视科学技术成果的推广和应用,重视科技在生产中的作用,重视科学技术成果的迅速转化.简言之,就是重视建立自上而下、左右贯通的技术创新体系,把科学技术是生产力的思想真正贯彻到社会实践活动尤其是企业的活动中去.所以,技术创新的提出,无疑对企业的生存、进步和发展来说都具有重要意义,它将使企业的发展充满活力.     

Non‐Governmental Public Norm Enforcement in Large Societies as a Two‐Stage Game of Voluntary Public Good Provision

In small groups, norm enforcement is achieved through mutual punishment and reward. In large societies, norms are enforced by specialists such as government officials. However, not every public cause is overseen by states, for instance those organized at the international level. This paper shows how nongovernmental norm enforcement can emerge as a decentralized equilibrium. As a first stage, individuals voluntarily contribute to a nongovernmental agency that produces an incentive system. The second stage is the provision of a public good on the basis of private contributions. The incentive system increases contributions by means of public approval or disapproval of behavior. It is shown that, even in large populations, nongovernmental norm enforcement can be supported in a noncooperative equilibrium of utility‐maximizing individuals. This result is in sharp contrast to those obtained in the standard situation of voluntary provision of an intrinsic public good which—without altruism or related motives—is eroded by free‐riding. Reliance on altruistic behavior is not required in supplying the second‐order public good “norm enforcement” in large societies.     

面向搜索引擎的链接优化技术研究

搜索引擎优化技术(SEO)是网站运营的基本工作之一。本文指出链接优化在SEO中的重要地位,提出详细的面向搜索引擎的链接优化技术。     

产业集聚与环境依赖对文化产业效率的影响

文化产业本身既蕴含新兴产业又包含传统业态,这种特征决定了其未来增长路径的复杂性。产业集聚程度是产业效率的重要影响因素,产业效率是产业竞争力的重要体现,而文化产业的集聚效应表现尤为突出。理清文化产业集聚程度与文化产业发展效率之间的作用机理,有助于促进区域文化产业的发展和竞争实力的提升,对促进区域文化产业的发展效率提升具有重要的现实意义。因此,文章基于2011—2018年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,关注文化产业发展过程中存在产业集聚以及空间、时间上的相关性,构建时空随机前沿模型进行技术效率测算。研究发现:2011—2018年全国文化产业技术效率呈整体下降趋势,空间交互作用及产业集聚对文化产业发展有促进作用,但文化产业表现出明显的惯性,影响了增长动能的传递;融资环境、市场环境、技术环境、制度环境对文化产业技术效率也存在显著影响。     

Did the rising importance of services decelerate overall productivity improvement of Turkey during 2002–2007?

This paper answers the question of what would have been the growth rate of aggregate productivity in Turkey between 2002 and 2007, had it realized China’s rates of productivity growth in agriculture, industry, and services. It does this in a three-sector general equilibrium model calibrated to the Turkish economy over the 2002–2007 period. The main findings are: (i) Turkey would have had much higher aggregate productivity growth over this period if it had experienced China’s service sector productivity growth; (ii) very low productivity growth rates in finance and in the non-market service sector are the main culprits behind Turkey’s weak service-sector performance.     

Corporate Governance and Capital Structure Dynamics

We develop a dynamic tradeoff model to examine the importance of manager–shareholder conflicts in capital structure choice. In the model, firms face taxation, refinancing costs, and liquidation costs. Managers own a fraction of the firms’ equity, capture part of the free cash flow to equity as private benefits, and have control over financing decisions. Using data on leverage choices and the model's predictions for different statistical moments of leverage, we find that agency costs of 1.5% of equity value on average are sufficient to resolve the low‐leverage puzzle and to explain the dynamics of leverage ratios. Our estimates also reveal that agency costs vary significantly across firms and correlate with commonly used proxies for corporate governance.     

Regulation through a revenue contest

This paper proposes a mechanism for the regulation of duopolies a revenue contests among the firms. Under the mechanism, the firm with the lower revenue is to pay a penalty to the firm with the higher revenue proportional to the difference between their revenues. In a homogenous good Cournot duopoly with convex cost and demand functions, the mechanism implements the optimal outcome when the firms have symmetric costs. When one firm is more efficient, the mechanism leads to increased social surplus under a large set of parameters. We also consider extensions that involve cost uncertainty, repeated games and differentiated goods.     

地区间财政能力均等化模型的构建与应用——基于地区间公共支出成本差异的视角

基于地区间公共支出成本差异的视角,引入人均财政收入指数、人均财政转移支付指数、人均财力指数的概念,根据公平与效率原则构建了地区间财政能力均等化模型,并对2000—2008年河北省地区间财政能力差异的适度性进行了检验,结论是河北省财政转移支付政策一贯遵循效率优先的原则。根据模型所测算的2008年河北省地区间财政能力均等化分配的模拟结果,在目前的财政体制下,要想实现地区间财政能力的均等化,应考虑进行横向转移支付。