大国市场及其特定优势

当今美国、中国、印度、俄罗斯、巴西等大国经济成就已令世界瞩目，研究大国经济崛起的规律已成为学术界的热点。本文主要通过研究大国市场的特征以及大国市场在大国经济发展过程中的特定优势，以期从大国市场的角度探索大国经济崛起的缘由。     

子宫内膜异位症中Fractalkine及其受体CX3CR1的表达及相关性研究

目的:研究趋化性细胞因子(FKN)及其受体CX3CR1在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)组织、腹腔液、血清中的表达及其意义.方法:应用免疫组化法检测正常内膜和子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜、异位内膜中趋化性细胞因子FKN及其受体CX3CR1的表达,同时利用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测EMs患者腹腔液和血清中趋化性细胞因子FKN及其受体CX3CR1的含量.结果:(1)正常内膜组、在位内膜组、异位内膜组组织中FKN和CX3CR1的表达呈逐渐增高趋势(P＜0.05);(2)在各内膜组中FKN的表达与CX3CR1的表达呈正相关(P＜0.05);(3)FKN及其受体CX3CR1在异位症组腹腔液的表达高于对照组(P＜0.05);(4)FKN及其受体CX3CR1在异位症组血清中的表达与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:趋化性细胞因子FKN及其受体CX3CR1参与了子宫内膜异位症患者腹腔内环境的改变;可能在在异位内膜的转移、种植中起了促进作用.     

我国对外贸易政策60年变迁探析

60年来,我国从一个贸易小国变成一个贸易大国,贸易额从11.3亿美元上升到25 617亿美元,对外贸易政策起到关键的导向和促进作用。改革开放前30年,我国实施封闭式贸易保护政策,外贸发展停滞不前;改革开放后30年,贸易政策从封闭式保护转向开放式保护、自由化倾向保护及一般自由贸易政策,外贸发展空前高涨。探析我国对外贸易政策变迁及其影响,有助于制定更有效的政策措施,走出国际金融危机造成的外贸困境。     

麦当劳人力资源管理模式的分析与启示

麦当劳作为世界500强企业,快餐业毋庸置疑的龙头企业,虽然进入中国市场晚于其竞争对手肯德基,客观上面临着许多压力和挑战,但由于其独特的人力资源管理模式和人才培养体系,使其在客观劣势的情况下取得了骄人的成绩。     

发展中国家企业内源融资与外源融资的比较分析

企业的融资结构是指企业各项资金来源之间的比例关系。目前企业的融资方式(主要是上市公司)可分为两类，一是通过企业自身的留存盈利和折旧进行的内源融资，另一种是包括股权融资和债权融资的外原融资。根据梅耶斯等人提出的融资优亭理论，企业的融资优选顺亭常常是：①挖掘企业自有资金。企业最先考虑的是从现金账户中提取现金，其次是考虑短期投资的变现；     

A Comparison of International Travel Between an Emerging and a Mature Source Market

Little research has been published on the evolution of markets, but markets, like destinations, should evolve over time. A market's collective travel behavior should change as residents become more experienced international tourists. Market evolution may be triggered by rapid economic development. As Tourists become more experienced, their destination choice, travel patterns and package tour propensity should change. This paper compares the international travel patterns of similar source markets at different stages of their travel life cycles. Hong Kong can be considered as an established source market, whereas Macau is a rapidly emerging source market. The study identifies significant differences in destination choice, package tour propensity, long-haul travel propensity, motivations and behavior within destinations. The authors conclude the paper by offering a number of propositions about market evolution.     

基于我国银行卡市场的社会福利研究

本文对比了完全垄断和完全竞争的收单银行市场结构下银行卡产业的定价、交易量。研究显示:收单银行在完全垄断的市场结构下,交换费的定价会比完全竞争市场结构下低,且交易量会增加。这个研究结果为我国银行卡产业的发展改革提供了一个思路。     

关于“掠夺性定价”法律认定的思考

掠夺性定价的概念之界定 掠夺性定价成为市场竞争的长期现象，已引起学界的关注。我国法学界对掠夺性定价概念尚未形成较为统一的认识，笔者较倾向于认为，掠夺性定价是以排挤竞争对手限制竞争为目的，以低于成本的价格销售商品的行为。     

Does Religion Matter to Owner-Manager Agency Costs? Evidence from China

In China, Buddhism and Taoism are two major religions. Using a sample of 10,363 firm-year observations from the Chinese stock market for the period of 2001–2010, I provide strong and robust evidence that religion (i.e., Buddhism and Taoism on the whole) is significantly negatively associated with owner-manager agency costs. In particular, using firm-level religion data measured by the number of religious sites within a radius of certain distance around a listed firm’s registered address, I find that religion is significantly negatively (positively) associated with expense ratio (asset utilization ratio), the positive (reverse) proxy for owner-manager agency costs. This finding is consistent with the following view: religiosity has remarkable effects on the way how an individual thinks and behaves, and thereof can curb managers from unethical business practices. Moreover, my findings suggest that the negative association between religion and owner-manager agency costs is attenuated for firms with strong external monitoring mechanisms such as higher Marketization and high-quality auditors. Furthermore, after separating Buddhism from Taoism, my finding indicates that above conclusions are only available for Buddhism, suggesting that different religions may have asymmetric influence on owner-manager agency costs. Above results are robust to various measures of religiosity and a variety of robustness checks.     

A mathematical approach to the boolean minimization problem

Any minimization problem involves a computer algorithm. Many such algorithms have been developed for the boolean minimizations, in diverse areas from computer science to social sciences (with the famous QCA algorithm). For a small number of entries (causal conditions in the QCA) any such algorithm will find a minimal solution, especially with the aid of the modern computers. However, for a large number of conditions a quick and complete solution is not easy to find using an algorithmic approach, due to the extremely large space of possible combinations to search in. In this article I will demonstrate a simple alternative solution, a mathematical method to obtain all possible minimized prime implicants. This method is not only easier to understand than other complex algorithms, but it proves to be a faster method to obtain an exact and complete boolean solution.